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Jan 1, 1000
Mutual-Aid Socieities
The most common model of a mutual aid society is probably a system of voluntary insurance, usually for income maintenance or health care, which offers social protection in return for a basic contribution. The mutual aid society paid a death benefit, disability benefits, or medical benefits, and provided its funds to its members as needed. A mutual aid society is an organization that provides benefits or other help to its members. -
Richard Arkwright
Arkwright was born in Great Britain in 1732 he began construction of his first machine. Arkwright’s water frame produced a cotton yarn suitable for warp.The thread made on James Hargreaves spinning jenny lacked the strength of Arkwright’s cotton yarn and was suitable only for weft, Arkwright opened factories,Within a few years he was operating a number of factories equipped with machinery for carrying out all phases of manufacturing from carding to spinning. -
Robert Owen
Robert Owen was a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropic social reformer, and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. Owen is best known for his efforts to improve the working conditions of his factory workers and his promotion of experimental socialistic communities -
Corporations
Small banking corporations existed in the first years after the American Revolution. However, most historians note that the first important industrial corporation was the Boston Manufacturing Co. in 1813. Its business model was imported from Great Britain, where textile corporations helped spark the first Industrial Revolution some three decades earlier. -
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a family of consequentialist ethical theories that promotes actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals. Although different varieties of utilitarianism admit different characterizations, the basic idea behind all of them is to in some sense maximize utility, which is often defined in terms of well-being or related concepts. -
Karl Marx
In 1847, the newly founded Communist League in London, England, drafted Marx and Engels to write “The Communist Manifesto,” published the following year. In it, the two philosophers depicted all of history as a series of class struggles (historical materialism), and predicted that the upcoming proletarian revolution would sweep aside the capitalist system for good, making the workingmen the new ruling class of the world. -
Tenements
Some of the reforms that occurred from industrialization made it a blessing. Tenements were designed to accommodate the new immigrants coming to America. Once the sole purpose of tenements was not necessary, new innovations were able to come forward. The great fire of 1871 caused more flame resistant material to be used when building new structures. -
Social Darwinism
he theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform. -
Automobile
In 1885, Karl Benz developed a petrol or gasoline powered automobile. This is also considered to be the first production vehicle as Benz made several other identical copies. The automobile was powered by a single cylinder four-stroke engine. -
Henry Bessemer
Bessemer had been trying to reduce the cost of steel-making for the military and developed his system for blowing air through molten pig iron to remove the impurities. This made steel easier, quicker and cheaper to manufacture, and revolutionized structural engineering. he is one of the most significant innovators of the Industrial Revolution -
Social Gospel
The Social Gospel was a movement in Protestantism that applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, lack of unionization, poor schools, and the dangers of war. It was most prominent in the early-20th-century United States and Canada. -
Gulglielmo Marconi
on December 12 1901 Marconi sent and received the first wireless message across the Atlantic to England a military base in Newfoundland. His experiment was significant Beginning in 1902 Marconi worked on experiments that stretched the distance that wireless communication could travel until he was finally able to establish transatlantic service from Glace Bay in Canada to Clifden Ireland. For his work with wireless communication Marconi shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Braun in 1909 -
Airplane
The airplane was invented by two American brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright. The Wright brothers patented their invention on May 22, 1906. An airplane is a fixed wing aircraft powered by fuel and is driven forward by the thrust of a jet engine or a propeller -
Assembly Line
An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which parts are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced. By mechanically moving the parts to the assembly work and moving the semi-finished assembly from work station to work station. -
Communism
communism is a philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement that believes a centrally planned worker's state will eventually lead to a fully developed communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, policing, imprisonment, decrees, laws, and the state itself.
