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This case resulted in overturning a previous ruling, in Plessy v. Ferguson. Ruling that "separate is not equal." Although it was a case that dealt with the more politcal subject of the time, racisism; the ruling included special needs students. As a result, many advocacy groups were formed and increase in knowledge about these populations began. this ruling will wait 36 years to become an Act, IDEA -
This Act instigated federal funding (in the form of grants) to be given to schools or facilities that ran programs to educate students with disabilities. This act caused the view of special needs populations to change, they started to be seen as people who deserve investment by the public. This act had the intent of raising academic achievement on struggling learners and help with complex needs for students (including mobility, LD, poverty and ESL). -
The earliest and well known court ruling about mistreatment of special needs citizens. This ruling established the requirement that each individual's needs must be met, and all services must be based on proper and thorough evaluations. Ruling that a state may not deny equal access to education based on ability or intelligence. -
This law has been seen as the first law giving protections and assurances to people with special needs. It includes the first presence of free appropriate public education or FAPE and the least restrictive environment or LRE. These terms and guidelines help advocating for human rights grow in power. -
Establishing that all students with disabilities must be educated in public schools. It must be free, last between the ages of 3-21, have supplemental services (OT, AT...), due process, zero rejection. All aimed at further support for human rights and avocation. -
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that the IEP must include the best effort made to include special education students with regular education classes, as much as possible. Increasing the chances for students with disabilities to have social experiences. LRE had been introduced previously, but in 1975 it was more fully defined. -
This act was signed in by Ronald Reagan and empowered the role of the parents as an advocate for their disabled child. Specifically focused on their active involvement when developing the IEP. -
President George W Bush signed this act in an effort to improve the lives of Americans with special needs. He believed that these people should be afforded the same rights as others, in school and work. And made sure to set up laws that fought against discrimination of these citizens. (including public transportation) -
The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was also established by President G.W.Bush, it established the foundational how's and why's that tell when services are given to exceptional students. Namely: universal clarity to FAPE, LRE, IEP, evaluation, parent/student participation, and safeguards set for all involved. -
Another law set up by president G.W.Bush, it established that all American children must be proficient in math and reading by 2014 (12 yrs after the act). Many states and districts have attempted to exempt out, or even falsify scores to avoid being non proficient. -
IDEA was reviewed and improved on. This update included wording that supported focused support on students/children that are hard of hearing. Improving access to communication needs, academics, and protections of rights.