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the Tokugawa shogunate had ruled the Japanese islands for two hun- dred years.
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An American fleet of four warships under Commondore Matthew Perry arrived in Edo Bay.
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U.S. consul Townsend Harris signed a more detailed treaty. It called for the opening of several new ports to U.S. trade and residence, as well as an exchange of ministers
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The Sat-Cho alliance forced the shogun to promise to end rekations with the West.
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Their armies attacked the shogun's palace in Kyoto and proclamied that the authority of the emperor had been restored.
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Meiji constitution adopted in 1889 was midled after that Imperal Germany.
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Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, which Russia had taken from China in 1898.
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After the defeat Russians agreed to a humiliating peace.
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President Theodore Roosevelt made a "gentlemen's agreement" with Japan that essentially stopped Japanese immigration to the United States.
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Japan annexed Korea outright.
