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Planning Regulations
In the aftermath of the war, there was a growing recognition of the needs for new housing and infrastructure to support the post-war recovery. This led to the creation of new planning regulations, particularly in the United Kingdom, which emphasized the importance of pubic consultation and the creation of green spaces. As, in the future, it will be important to find ways to create more livable and sustainable communities, while also preserving the historic and cultural heritage of our cities. -
Airport Expansion
Manchester Airport underwent a significant expansion after WW2, as air travel became more popular and demand for air travel increased. The airport had originally been established in 1938, with a single runway and a small terminal building. However, in the years following the war, here was a growing recognition of the need for a larger and more modern airport to serve the needs of the region. Today,Manchester Airport is one of the busiest airports in the UK serving millions of passengers a year. -
Income
There has been a significant change in income since WW2. In the years following the war, there was a period of economic growth, with a steady rise in income throughout the 1950's and 1960's. The post war boom was fueled by a number of factors, including increased government spending, a growth middle class, and the rise of new industries. There has been periods of significant growth, this growth has not always been distributed, and many people have been left behind. -
Commuting
Commuting has changed significantly since WW2. The rise of the automobile and the construction of highways led to an increase in a car ownership and commuting by car. This trend continued throughout the 1950's and 1960's, with many people moving to the suburbs and commuting in the city. While the rise of the automobile led to a period of car- dominated commuting, there has been a growing recognition of the need for more sustainable and healthy modes of transportation. -
Protest camps
The use of protest camps as a means of political expression has a long history, dating back to ancient times. However, the nature of protest camps has changed significantly since WW2. One of the most notable changes has been that the increase use of protest camps as a means of non-violent resistance. As political and social movements continue to evolve, it is likely that role of protest camps will continue to change as well. -
Taxes
In the years following the war, there was a period of high taxation, particularly on the wealthy. This was seen as a way to pay for the war effort and to support the growth of the welfare state. While there has been periods of high taxation and periods of significant tax cuts, there is a growing recognition of the need for more progressive taxation in order to address issues of income inequality and promote economic growth. -
Increasing of Car Ownership
In 1970 there was 545.35 cars on the road. The best-selling car in 1973 was " Chevrolet Monte Carlo". Over 77% of households in Great Britain have a car and because of car owning households tend to have more than one person. The number of people with access to a car in the house is 81% of the total population. In 1970 the number was just over a third of that, at 13.5 million. -
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution became a significant environmental problem in the 1970s. The World Health Organisation carried out one of the early studies that helped draw attention to the issue in 1974. The study discovered that hearing loss and heart disease were all significantly impacted by noise pollution. the problem of noise pollution and how it affects people and society negatively. Today, noise pollution is still a major issue in many regions of the world. -
Privatisation
After WW2, with many countries adopting policies to sell off state owned assets and services to private companies. This has been driven by a range of factors, including the desire to reduce the role of the state in the economy, increase efficiency, and promote competition. It has been mixed with some sectors benefiting from increased competition and efficiency, while others have experienced negative consequences. Critics have also raised concerns about the impacts of privatisation on workers. -
Emissions
Emissions have increased since WW2 due to the growth of industry, transportation, and population. The use of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, has increased rapidly during the post-war period, as countries sought to rebuild their economies and improve their standards of living. This led to high increases of carbon dioxide emissions which is a major problem to climate change. There is a growing recognition of the need for ambitious action to reduce emissions and transmissions. -
Widening of Motorways
The M1 was the first highway to be widened in 1983. Because there is so much traffic on the highways and so many vehicles using them, they are being widened. It's not, however, an easy, inexpensive, or straightforward operation. There are several ways to finish this process. The most frequent type of expansion is parallel because it causes the least amount of disruption to the motorway; a new carriageway is built alongside the existing one. The M74 underwent the most recent widening in 2017. -
Customer Lifestyle
In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the way people travel and experience tourism. One of the most notable changes has been the focus on sustainability concerned about the impact their trips have on the environment and are seeking out more responsible travel options. This includes things like staying at eco- friendly hotels, using public transportation, and engaging in activities that are environmentally friendly. -
Introduction of budget airlines
In 1994 EasyJet was launched. EasyJet started flying in March 1995. The first flight from London to Glasgow took off on the 10 November 1995. EasyJet began in London and is 26 years old. EasyJet are founded by Stelios Haji-Loannou. The aircraft used by the airline during the first year we're leased from British Airways. EasyJet bought the first of it's own planes in April 1996 -
Air Passenger Duty
Air Passenger Duty is a tax that is levied on passengers flying from airport in the United Kingdom. The tax was first introducted in 1994, and has undergone several changes since then. However, as it was introduced after WW2, it has undergone any changes related to the war. The changes to the APD since it's introduced in 1994 reflect ongoing debates about the role of air travel in the economy and the environment. As air travels continue these debates will continue. -
Opening the Channel Tunnel
In a ceremony presided over by Queen Elizabeth 2nd and French President Francois Mitterrand. Connecting Britain and the European mainland for the first time since the Ice Age. It was taken more than 5 years to be completed and more than 13,000 workers from England and France. The Channel Tunnel is a 50.46 kilometres railway tunnel. The fastest journey time to London to Paris is 2 hours and 29 minutes. It is one of the safest ways to travel. -
Online check in
The first airline to provide online check-in was Alaska Airlines. Beginning of 1999, the system was first made available on a restricted basis before becoming generally accessible on some flights the following quarter. They have since been replaced by barcodes or QR codes, which allowed web check-in make a breakthrough while also greatly streamlining and improving the processes at both airports and airlines. However, most airlines throughout the world now offer the option to check in online. -
Introduction of Congestion Charges
Congestion charges were first introduced in the early 2000s, so they have not been in place since WW2. However, congestion has been a growing problem in many cities since the end of the war, as urban populations have grown and car ownership has increased. Congestion charges have been one of the most effective policies for reducing traffic congestion in cities. There is growing recognition of the need to reduce traffic congestion and promote sustainable transportation options in cities -
Smart Motorways
Smart motorways did not exist during WW2. In fact, smart motorways are a relatively recent development, with the first smart motorway in the UK opening in 2006. Smart motorways are designed to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion by using technology to manage traffic on the motorway. This technology includes things like variable speed limits, which can be adjusted in real-time to respond to changing traffic conditions, and the use of hard shoulders as additional lanes during peak periods. -
Bibliography
https://fightforsilence.com/when-was-noise-pollution-discovered/
https://aviation.direct/en/online-check-in-wie-lange-gibt-es-den-schon
https://www.createstreets.com/the-long-history-of-british-land-use-
regulation/#:~:text=The%20Town%20and%20Country%20Planning,Permission'%20into%20British%20legal%20history.
https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/privatisation-uk-companies-1970s
https://exploresound.org/2017/02/noise-pollution-21st-century/
