-
In March 1933, Adolf Hitler addressed the first session
of the German Parliament following his
appointment as chancellor. -
A woman reads a boycott sign
posted on the window of a
Jewish-owned department store.
The Nazis initiated a boycott of
Jewish shops and businesses on
April 1, 1933, across Germany. -
Among other things, the laws issued in September
1935 restricted future German citizenship to those
of “German or kindred blood,” and excluded those
deemed to be “racially” Jewish or Roma -
Jews in Vienna wait in line at a
police station to obtain exit visas.
Following the incorporation of
Austria by Nazi Germany in
March 1938, and the unleashing
of a wave of humiliation, terror,
and confiscation, many Austrian
Jews attempted to leave the
country. -
Residents of Rostock, Germany,
view a burning synagogue the
morning after Night of Broken Glass. On
the night of November 9–10,
1938, the Nazi regime unleashed
orchestrated anti-Jewish violence
across greater Germany -
In May 1939 the passenger ship St. Louis—seen here
before departing Hamburg—sailed from Germany to
Cuba carrying 937 passengers, most of them Jews. -
In fall 1939, Jewish activists in
Warsaw, around the historian
Emanuel Ringelblum, established
a secret archive to document
Jewish life and death in the ghetto
and the extreme conditions of
German occupation. -
Refugees from the 2003–2005 genocide in Darfur,
Sudan, above, struggle to survive after being
displaced from their villages.
