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The Beginning
Initial contact between Japanese and Europeans Tokugawa Ieyasu met with Englishman, William Adams. -
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu dies in 1616 -
Offices Closed
Bakufu closed English merchants' office in 1623 English were forced to leave. -
English Refused Permission to Return
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Goods Seized
British ship Phaeton seized goods in Nagasaki. -
No Foreigners Allowed... Except you and you.
Bakufu ordered the fuedal lords to repel all foreign ships, except Dutch and Chinese. -
First Text Book Translation
Shibukawa Rokuzo translated Murray’s English Grammar from Dutch to Japanese (first to tanslate any English grammar book) High-ranking official of the Bakufu who had studied Dutch -
Ranald MacDonald Comes to Japan
Ranald MacDonald came to japan, after pretending to be shipwrecked, and taught English to fourteen official Japanese interpreters of Dutch in Nagasaki under Bakufu orders One of MacDonald’s students, Moriyama, would act as interpreter between the U.S. and Japan in order to establish trade relations Nakahama Manjiro
o Rescued from a shipwreck
o Studied in U.S. for ten years
o Wrote English textbook
Ei-Bei Taiwa Shokei
• Anglo-American Conversation
o Used kama and the kanbun word-order system -
Yokohama Academy
o One of the first English schools
o Ordered by Bakufu
o Taught by James Curtis Hepburn -
Foreign Language Schools
91 foreign lang. schools in Japan
o 82 of them taught English -
Modernization pt. 2
Later found the Institute for Research in English Teaching in Tokyo and introduced aural-oral approach to teaching English -
Modernization
Japan is fastly becoming a modernized country
o Books such as Nihonjin by Shiga Shigetaka began to surface in order to warn the Japanese public about the dangers of Western influences
o Hence, up until the end of WWII, there was a growing tension between Western ideology and national pride amongst the Japanese people.
• 1923: Englishman Harold E. Palmer invited to Japan by the Ministry of Education -
Modern Schooling
English instruction became compulsory starting in the 5th grade of elementary school (age 10) -
Modern Day Japan
o One side very interested in learning the English language
A number of Japanese media outlets have begun to incorporate English-language programs into their repertoire
o Though, writers such as Henry J. Hughes and Mike Guest point out that Japan maintains itself as one of the most independent nations on Earth due to its geographic isolation and amazing translation idustry which results in hardly any need of English in daily life.