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3200 BCE
The beginning of dictionaries
The creation of dictionaries, more like catalogues, included names of objects, plants, food, minerals and proper names -
2700 BCE
The first encyclopedia
The first encyclopedia is created by being monolingual and conceptual. -
2340 BCE
Acadians and writing systems
Acadians adopt Sumerian writing system to create their own language -
2000 BCE
Lexical-bilingual writing
Appears for the first time the lexical-bilingual writing -
Period: 1000 BCE to 1000 BCE
The creation of a new alphabet
Phoenicians created a new alphabet by using abstract symbols and Greeks modified it by creating the vowels and consonant to represent sounds -
862 BCE
The creation of the Slavic alphabet
The creation of the Glagolitic alphabet (Cyrilic alphabet nowadays) was created by Cyril, in order to provide the Slavs a writing system and translate the Holy Bible. -
538 BCE
Ezra the Scribe and the Torah
Ezra began to read the Torah publicly while Levite priests explained it to people -
400 BCE
The Armenian Alphabet is created
St. Mesrop Mashtots makes a huge contribution to the Armenian culture by creating the first Armenian Alphabet -
348 BCE
Ulfila creates the Goth Alphabet
He creates a new goth alphabet on the purpose of translating sacred texts. -
30 BCE
Theory of Interpretation
7 of the rules were established at by the time of the scholar Hillel -
Period: 20 to 55
Dark Dictionary
Marcus Varrius Faccus writes the first dictionary of dark words -
Period: 23 to 79
The first Scientific Encyclopedia
Gaius Plinius Secundus writes the first Scientific Encyclopedia -
Period: 27 to 116
Encyclopedia of Latin
Marcos Trentos Barro becomes the author of De Significatu Verborum that was a massive encyclopedia for the Latin language -
110
Onkelos and contributions
Onkelos was born in the year 35.
He translated the Torah to Arabic. -
Period: 250 to 130 BCE
Greek-Language Septuagint
This bible replaced the Hebrew Bible -
288
The first library
Begins the construction of the first library -
Period: 400 to 430 BCE
Translation of the Bible, scientific texts and the beginning of literature
Armenians not only started to translate the Bible, but they translate scientific texts and that is how Armenian literature began. Also Goth literature flourished. -
480
Theory of Interpretation II
32 rules were established by the end of the Talmudic period in the fourth century -
580
The invention of the Glossary
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Nov 30, 809
Hunayn Ibn Ishaq
He was considered the master of Islamic translations -
Nov 29, 820
Translation of the New Testament for the first time to German Language
The first biblical glossaries were compiled and for the first time the sacred texts were translated to German. -
Period: Nov 30, 837 to Dec 1, 933
Arabian dictionary
Ibn Durayd is the author of the Arabian dictionary and of etymological work. -
Jan 29, 871
King Alfred saves the English language and makes the first translation to English
He saved the English language by not letting Latin overcome the language in Britain and since he was passionate for learning he became the first translator of the English language -
Period: Nov 30, 975 to Dec 1, 997
Keys to the Sciences Encyclopedia
al-Khwârizmî writes down the encyclopedia entitled Keys to the Science which explained scientific terminology -
Nov 30, 1142
First translation of the Koran
The first translation into Latin of the Koran was done by Robert of Chester -
Period: Nov 29, 1350 to Nov 30, 1399
English becomes the official language of Britain
In the fourteenth century the English language took its place as the official language of Britain and it was introduced in schools, courts and the parliament. -
May 23, 1364
Translation is proclaimed a royal cultural policy in France.
King Charles V proclaimed translation of the "Lorraine language", (French nowadays), as a cultural must for the monarchs and aristocracy. -
Period: Nov 29, 1400 to Nov 30, 1500
Decline of translation
There were only just few translated texts and they were only from classical and medieval Latin -
Jan 1, 1413
King Henry V, the first English King in Britain
After English became the official language of Britain, King Henry V became the first English King, since French reigned Britain and French language had power over it. -
Aug 20, 1422
English writing was adopted for the first time in England
Thanks to King Henry V, English language flourished and for the first time the English writing appeared in England -
Apr 19, 1473
The first book printed in English
Thanks to translator William Caxton, he translated from French the book "The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye", which was the first book printed in English. -
Period: Nov 30, 1495 to Dec 1, 1536
William Tyndale
He was born in the 1495.
In the 1526 he translated the Bible from Greek and Latin and printed it.
He died in 1536 -
Period: Dec 15, 1500 to
Translation's Golden Age
Claude de Seyssel advocated translation to enrich and spread the French language . Renaissance translators contributed on every aspect of language: poetics, rhetoric, grammar, spelling and pronunciation. These translators were also responsible for the creation of the first dictionary. -
Period: Nov 29, 1501 to
Reformation in the sixteenth century
The Catholic Church opposed the
translation of sacred texts stating that Latin language was the official language for sacred texts.
Bible translators were forced into exile. For the Reformers, it was essential that the Bible be made available in the “language of the country”. This opinion was shared by Erasmus, who believed that the translation of the Scriptures was the task of translators and not theologians. -
Nov 30, 1512
Robert Estienne and contributions
Robert Estienne translates the Bible and Psalms -
Nov 29, 1522
Martin Luther and the revolution of the German Language.
Luther had published his German translation of the New Testament in 1522, and the Old Testament in 1534, when the whole Bible was published. Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible translation. He made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language and literature -
Sep 14, 1534
William Tyndale translates for the first time the Bible to English
He translated the New Testament in Germany and published the five books of the Old Testament in Antwerp, Belgium. -
Nov 29, 1537
Law agaisnt Irish speakers
King Enrique VIII proclaims a law that forbids Irish people to speak in their own language -
Nov 29, 1537
Publication of the Bible in the Swedish language
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Nov 30, 1539
The word "dictionary"
Robert Estienne wrote the French-Latin Dictionary and he makes official the word "dictionary' -
Nov 29, 1541
The first translation of a Theological Book to French
Jean Calvin translated the first theological book to french. It was called “à notre nation françoise”. -
Nov 30, 1543
First printed and translated version of the Koran
The first translation into Latin of the Koran was printed by Theodor Bibliander in Basel.. -
French Dictionary
Publishment of the french dictionary "Dictionnaire francois" -
Dutch East India Company was stablished
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The journey of Joost Van den Vondel
The journey of this dutch translator makes him one of the first translators of Dutch language in the Netherlands -
Sebastian de Covarrubias and contributions
He is the author of Tesoro de la Lengua Castellana o Española -
Vocabolario
The first European great dictionary of the national language is created. -
Literature in the Netherlands
Literary translation and philosophic starts to flourish -
Alexander Ross and the Koran
Alexander Ross translated the Koran into English from the French version of André Du Ryer -
Ten Rules for French Translation
As translation flourished in the 1600s, Antoine Le Maistre created the first "Ten Rules for French Translation" that involved rhyme, symmetry, repetition, harmony, rhythm and the length of the sentences. -
The 18th Century
It was famous because of its encyclopedia authors -
Period: to
17th Century
It was characterized by the explosion of ideas, technology and science.
During that century it was published the Cyclopaedia, Contes moraux et nouvelles Idylles, Grand vocabulaire français, Dictionarium Britannicum and A Voyage to Abyssinia -
English language in Scotland
The English language becomes the official language in Scotland -
David Friederich Merchelin and the Koran
David Friedrich Megerlin published a German edition of the Koran. -
Shakespeare and the translation
The first translated writing of Shakespeare appeared without censure in French -
William McGukin
He publishes The Biographical Dictionary -
Period: to
19th Century and lexicography
Nouveau vocabulaire français ou Abrégé du dictionnaire de l’Académie is published by the grammar teacher Latinist Noël-François de Wailly, also is published too the Dictionnaire de la langue française , and Commentaires and Cicero’s Orations -
The Cree Alphabet is created
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Reverend Joseph Merrick and the Jubilee Mission
Jubilee Mission was founded by Reverend Joseph Merrick and translated the New Testament to Isubu and Duala -
Shakespeare in the German Language
For the first time, Shakespeare's writing was published in the German language by Schelegel-Tiek -
James Murray
Becomes the new editor of the New English Dictionary on Historical Principles -
The Oxford English Dictionary
It is published by James Murray itself -
The birth of Jose Luis Borges
He impulsed the Argentinian literature and translation -
Jewish Translations of the Bible
In the 20th Century Jewish translations of the BIble were only used as a complement but not as official translations -
The 20th Century and dictionaries
In the early 20th Century every European country had its own dictionary -
Literary Comitée of Buenos Aires
The first literary comitee is created in the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina -
Period: to
Dictionaries for war
Dictionaries were produced for militaries for the WWI -
Jewish Publication Society of America
The Jewish Publication Society of America, representing both traditional and Reform Judaism, produced the first complete Bible -
Army and the production of dictionaries
The army produces the English-French, French-English Dictionary under the orders of Coronel Joseph-Henri Chaballe -
- Bibliography of Interlingual Scientific and Technical Dictionaries is published
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Creation of Dictionary of Electronics and Waveguides by Clason
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Period: to
Clason's writings
In 1958 he created the Dictionary of Nuclear Science and Technology
In 1961 he created the Dictionary of Automation, Computers, Control and Measuring -
Mohammed Ali and the Koran
Mohammed Alî Lahori published an English translation with explanatory notes of the entire Koran in 1917.
