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The First American School for the Deaf was founded in Hartford, Connecticut by Thomas Gallaudet. This school marked the beginning of formal special education in the United States. It provided structured education for deaf children and increased awareness of the need for specialized instruction.
Link: https://www.asd-1817.org/ -
The Perkins School for the Blind opened in Massachusetts to educate children with visual impairments. It became a model for other schools serving students with disabilities. Perkins played a major role in advancing educational methods and accessibility. -
Plessy v. Ferguson established the “separate but equal” doctrine in U.S. education. This case was not specific to special education, but it influenced segregation practices that affected students with disabilities. The case highlighted the long history of exclusion in schools. -
Brown v. Board of Education ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This decision laid the foundation for later inclusion efforts in special education. It supported the idea that all students deserve equal access to education. -
The ESEA provided federal funding to improve education for disadvantaged students. It included funding for students with disabilities and expanded access to special education services. This law increased federal involvement in education equity. -
This law guaranteed a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) for children with disabilities. It introduced the concept of the Least Restrictive Environment. This act is the foundation of modern special education.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4Xzvafi-Pg -
The ADA prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in schools and public spaces. It improved accessibility and equal opportunities beyond education. The law strengthened civil rights protections.
Link: https://www.ada.gov/ -
IDEA replaced PL 94-142 and expanded protections for students with disabilities. It highlighted early intervention and individualized education programs (IEPs). IDEA continues to guide special education services today. -
NCLB increased accountability for schools, including those serving students with disabilities. It required standardized testing and reporting for all students. This raised concerns about equity and appropriate assessment. -
ESSA replaced NCLB and returned more control to states. It supports inclusive practices while maintaining accountability for students with disabilities. ESSA emphasizes fairness and student growth.