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Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
CEC websiteFounded to emphasize the education of special education instead of the disability and establish standards. Now as of 2015, the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of individuals with disabities. The organization advocates for appropriate goverment policies, provides professional trainings, advocates for families and individuals with disabilties and hekos professionals continously gain knowlegde and provide them with resources. -
Willowbrook State School
willowbrook- final degraceWillowbrook State School was a state supported institution for children with intellectual disabilities. It was located in the Willowbrook neighborhood in Staten Island, NY from 1947- 1987. School gained notoriety in the 1960's for unethical medical studies being conducted at Willowbrook. -
Brown V. Brown of Education
Due to the outcome of Brown v. Brown of Education U.S. Supreme Court case which was based on segregation on the basis of race that violated equal educational opportunties; unanimously ruled that "seperate but equal" public schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional. It paved the way for people no matter their race, gender of disability, are intiltled to a public education. -
The Maternal and Child Health and Mental Retardation Planning Act
First major legislation to combat mental illness and retardation. It provided funding for states to update their intellectual disabilties programs and also provided funding for faciliates related to prevention, care and treatment of people with intellectual disabilities. This included reaserach ceters, community based center, and diagnostic treatment clinics. -
Special Olympics first take place in Chicago
Special Olympics is an international organizatio dedicated to empowering individuals with intellectual disabilities to become physically fit, productive and respected members of society through sports training and competition. The first international Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illnois. A thousand people with intellectual disabilities from 26 states including Canda compete in track and field and swimming. Eunice Kennedy Shriver opened the games. -
PARC V. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
In the case of PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania of 1971, awareness of the issues in special education were brought to light. " Separate but equal" was deemed unconstitutional under the 14th amendment which resulted in changed in the services provided for studnets with disabilities. -
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
The case involved 7 children with special needs in Washington, D.C.. There disabiilities ranged from behavioral problems, emotionaly- disturbed and hyperactivity. This case against the District of Columbia declared the students with disabilities must be given a public education and that financial limits were not an important point in provding education to these students. It helped lay the foundation for the upcoming passage of Section 504. -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ( Section 504)
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ( Section 504) states that any recipient of federal assistance must end discrimination in the offering of its services to persons with disabilities. As for students, those not eligible for help under other special education laws can have assitance under Section 504. For example students with a physical or mental illness. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children ACT (Public Law 94-142)
This act was designed to guarantee a free appropriate public education for all students with disabilities in all states regardless of the nature or severity of the disability. Special education and all related services must be free and provided by a public agency at no cost to parents. An IEP must be developed and used to implement goals. Parents have the right to participate in evry decision made related to childs identification, evaluation and placement. -
The Rehabilition Act Amendments of 1986
P.L. 99-506 stated that supported employment is a viable outcome of vocational rehabilition and stated that states must plan the tranistion phase from school to work. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act
A civil law signed by George W. Bush, prohibits discrimination solely on the basis of disability in areas such as employment, public services and accommodations. For ADA a disability is defined as " a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity". -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
P.L. 107-110, signed into law in 2002. NCLB requires states to develop assessments in basic skills for students in a particular grade in which the standards are set by each individual state. All students, with or without disabilities are to be proficient in math and reading by 2014. -
IDEA 2004
Presidet Bush This law defined the purpose of special educational, clarifies how every student with a disability must be provided with a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) from ages 3-21. Changes mostly with the accountability of states and local school districts. Special education teachers must be highly qualifies in all core subject areas they teach as well as in special education. Response to Intervention (RTI) is introduced and viewed as an alternative way to identify students with disabilties.
