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Perkins School for the Blind
Perkins School for the Blind opened1832 in Boston Massachusetts by, Director Samuel Gridley Howe, there were only 6 students ages 6-23 and two teachers, the school housed students with blindness, deaf blindness, and multiple disabilities. The school’s success brought popularity and donations and by 1836 there were 80 students. https://www.perkins.org/ -
Beattie VS. Board of Education
1919 Wisconsin, Beattie vs. Board of Education
Beattie petitions the Supreme Court for admittance to the school system. Beattie a student with disabilities was expelled from school due to facial paralysis and drooling. Teachers found his appearance to be nauseating. Although, Beattie could keep up with the other students the Supreme Court denied his entry based on his disability.
https://www.sutori.com/story/the-history-of-special-education--cFG8mMko5ww2MMUj3uq2Avpm -
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
Founded in 1922 the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is recognized internationally as the largest professional organization devoted to bettering the educational experience of student with gifts, talents, or disabilities. The CEC is a leader in the field of preparation, professional practice standards, and ethical principles. The CEC, is dedicated to the advancement and success of children with disabilities.
https://exceptionalchildren.org/standards -
Cuyahoga Council for Retarded Citizens
1933 Cuyahoga Council for Retarded Citizens was formed by five mothers of children with disabilities. The five mothers came together to support and advocate for their children’s educational rights in public school. Their hard work resulted in a special class for their children, sponsored by the mothers themselves. By, 1950 there efforts paved the way for the national advocacy movement for children and youth with disabilities
Yell, M. L. (2016). The law and special education. Pearson. -
The Classification of Autism
In 1943, Leo Kanner of John Hopkins University founded the first child psychiatry clinic in the country. Kanner, published a clinical description titled Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact. It was a clinical description of 11 children with infantile autism.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/070674370004500806 -
Willowbrook State School
Opened in 1947, Willowbrook, the biggest state-run institution in the United States was only supposed to hold 4000 occupants but by 1960 it was overfilled at 6,000 and understaffed. Willowbrook became a house of horror for the disabled filled with filth, abuse, disease, and death it was name the “snake pit” by Sen. R. Kennedy. By the late 80’s it was exposed by Geraldo Rivera and shut down.
https://tubitv.com/movies/438228/unforgotten-twenty-five-years-after-willowbrook -
Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973
1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-112) was the first civil rights law to be achieved in the united states that forbids discrimination against people with disabilities.
https://dredf.org/legal-advocacy/laws/section-504-of-the-rehabilitation-act-of-1973/ -
Individual with Disabilities Act
1990 Individual with Disabilities Act is a federal law that supports special education and related services for children and youth with disabilities. It was created to make certain that students with disabilities are guaranteed a free public education in the least restrictive environment.
https://www.apa.org/advocacy/education/idea -
H.R. 1 No Child left Behind Act of 2001
H.R. 1 No Child left Behind Act of 2001 was signed into law by President G. W. Bush in 2002. The law introduced changes to the curriculum of public elementary and secondary schools. Under the law States are mandated to administer annul testing in math and reading to show adequate rising scores by 2014.
https://www2.ed.gov/nclb/overview/intro/execsumm.pdf -
Individuals with Disability Education Improvement Act (IDEA)
2004 Individuals with Disability Education Improvement Act (IDEA) was signed into effect by President G.W. Bush to reauthorize and revised the IDEA, it preserves the basic framework and civil rights guarantees of IDEA but makes major changes to the law by promoting accountability for results, parent involvement, administering proven practices and materials.
https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/se/lr/ideareathztn.asp