History of Special Education and Inclusive Education

  • Civil Rights Act of 1964

    Civil Rights Act of 1964

    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited the discrimination on race, color, or nation origin that received federal financial assistance. This ended segregation in public schools and in other public places. No person could be denied benefits, be excluded, or subjected to discrimination.
  • ESEA of 1965

    ESEA of 1965

    The Elementary and Secondary Education Act emphasized full educational opportunity to be a nation goal. ESEA offered financial assistance for low-income students, grants for books, funding for special education centers and additional teachers for low-income schools. This act also offered scholarships for low-income college students. It was a big help to these families.
  • Mills v. Board of Education

    Mills v. Board of Education

    In the District of Columbia, the court case Mills v. Board of Education established that no child could be denied public education. States had the responsibility to educate students with disabilities. Services needed to be provided for children to attend school at no cost.
  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

    Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

    https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/504faq.html. Under the Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, organizations were forbidden from denying any individual with disabilities an opportunity to receive program benefits and services. This Act was the first federal civil rights law, with coverage to children and adults. Provided clarification for appropriate education. Individuals whom were ineligible were protected from exclusion/discrimination.
  • Education for all Handicapped Children Act

    Education for all Handicapped Children Act

    https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/7217
    EHA guaranteed free and appropriate public education for students with disabilities in every state and across the nation. The Act is also known as Public Law 94-142. EHA individualized education programs, involved the parents, and defined the least restrictive environment.
  • Timothy W v. Rochester, School District

    Timothy W v. Rochester, School District

    The case of Timothy W. v. Rochester, school district in 1989, helped clarify the zero-reject policy. The school district argued about his disability being so severe that Timothy wouldn’t benefit from the provided education. The court emphasized the act ensured the zero-reject policy and students with disabilities were in fact given high priority and protection.
  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

    Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

    IDEA, 1990, ensured students with disabilities received special education and services for their need. Traumatic brain injury and autism were added as a new disability category. IDEA also included transition program at 16, bilingual education programs, social work, rehabilitation, confidentiality, and due process in education.
  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    Americans with Disabilities Act

    https://youtu.be/ns7UY8HdPr8?si=e1lb6dv9SSnTv-65 The Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA, prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in the work force. ADA ensures equal opportunity to reasonable accommodations, services, and etc.. Students with disabilities must have accessibility in a classroom, this could include design, teaching strategies, and the use of technological aids.
  • NCLB

    NCLB

    https://youtu.be/0--2nhsDorg?si=otuFGfjzDYWqao5X The No Child Left Behind Act was signed on January 8th, 2002. This law is part of IDEA. From 2002-2015, this was the main law for general education for grades K-12. This implemented performance benchmarks for students, and to receive federal funding the school districts had to meet performance goals and the ones that didn’t meet had to face corrective measures. Schools were penalized when they didn’t show improvement.
  • IDEA Improvement Act (IDEA)

    IDEA Improvement Act (IDEA)

    IDEA was amended by Congress on December 3, 2004. IDEA made available free appropriate public education to children with disabilities and ensured special education services were available to those children. It increased the funding to early intervention services. The standards were raised in order to get a special education teacher license.