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Before the 1950s, students with disabilities were excluded from attending public schools. These students were kept at home with their parents or they were taken to private institutions where they did not receive an education. Since children with disabilities were not allowed to attend school, they grew up uneducated. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark where the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. State laws establishing separate public schools for students of different races to be unconstitutional. The decision dismantled the legal framework for racial segregation in public schools and Jim Crow laws, which limited the rights of African Americans, particularly in the South.
www.nps.gov/articles/brown-v-board-of-education.htm -
Supreme Court of Illinois maintained that the state's compulsory education laws did not require schools to educate the "feeble minded" or children who were "mentally deficient" because they were said to be unable to benefit from a good education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act passed in 1965 started the federal government's role in protecting and providing students from deprived backgrounds so that they would have equal access to public education. The initial goal was to ensure that they were provided an opportunity to attend school and profit from instruction. Not until the passage were schools required to ensure that all children, regardless of their disability, got a free and proper education. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children only a few decades ago, children with intellectual disabilities did not have the right to a public education. In fact, Pennsylvania state law allowed public schools to deny services to children “who have not attained a mental age of five years” by the start of first grade. -
This case involved the court establishing due process procedures to ensure students had equal rights This was a procedural Law that was later included in Public Law, The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia students classified as “Exceptional”. This included those with mental and learning disabilities and behavioral issues. This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny these individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunities. -
Section 504 is a short provision of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 which prohibits the discrimination against an individual with disabilities by any agency receiving federal funds. It was the first federal civil rights law to protect the rights of those with disabilities. Section 504 forbids organizations and employers from excluding or denying individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to receive program benefits and services. -
This case was brought on the behalf of Amy Rowley a young child with a hearing impairment and attending a local elementary school. The school district provided hearing aids and instructional tutoring as part of Amy's IEP. The Act's requirement of a "free appropriate public education" is satisfied when the State adhears to the IEP with sufficient support services to permit the handicapped child to benefit educationally from that instruction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIXSW-DYVm8 -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the federal law that supports special education and related service programming for children and youth with disabilities. It was originally known as the Education of Handicapped Children Act, passed in 1975. In 1990, amendments to the law were passed, effectively changing the name to IDEA.
https://www.washington.edu -
In 2004, it was amended by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. Legislation that provides individuals with disabilities with:education, employment, housing and other rights that they were previously denied. Transition services are mandated for students aged 16- 21 yrs. They are based on students’ strengths, preferences, and interests.Transition activities can include: instruction, community experiences, development of employment and other adult-living objectives.