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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. The Board of Education declared that segregation of schools by race is unlawful and not constitutional. The decision to end segregation in schools was made even if resources were spread evenly into the different schools for the different race of children. This event was the first time the government had made a voice and stood up for children who experienced inequality and prejudice at school. This major event lead the pathway for future influences on children with disabilities. -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas
In 1958, the Supreme Court of Illinois declared that the state will continue enforcing that free public education was not required for students with disabilities. The state made this decision based on their belief that students who were mentally "behind" or "slow" did not need to have the rights to good education. The state claimed that since the children were not at the same mental state as the others deemed "normal", they were unable to receive or comprehend good education. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
The ESEA was created to ensure support and protection for students who were disadvantaged and came from disadvantaged backgrounds. This act declared equal access to public education for those students in need. ESEA provided free and reduced lunch systems in schools to ensure that the children were eating and basic needs being met. The program provided encouragement for states to plan and create plans for students with disabilities, but did not specify requirements for these plans. -
The Pennsylvania Association For Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The state of Pennsylvania was not allowed to deny "retarded" children from public schools anymore. The case challenged and questioned if denying access to school for children with disabilities was constitutional. Public education and training was then given to children of special needs. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
In this case about excluding children with disabilities from public schools, the suite had required the state to provide "alternative education services". The suite also required the states to provide review of the student's status and progression through the courses.
This case was settled December 20th, 1972.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6GjuRaFFUQ -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
This suite was the beginning of FAPE, Free and Appropriate Public Education. The suite was brought up from Amy Rowley, a deaf 5th grade student. Rowley used an FM hearing aid that helped her hear her teacher. The court ruled that the states must provide sufficient support for students to benefit from the public school system.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Board-of-Education-of-the-Hendrick-Hudson-Central-School-District-v-Rowley -
Honig v. Doe
Emotional and behavioral disordered students with academic and social problems benefited from this act. Schools were no longer allowed to expel students for their behaviors related to their disability. Doe was a student at Louise Lombard School who struggled with composing his impulses. Doe was teased and when he reached his breaking point he kicked out a school window and and attacked a fellow student and suspended for doing so. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Formally known as the Education of Handicapped Children Act passed in 1975, the IDEA was created in 1990 with new amendments added. This act is the federal law that supports special education and related service programming for children with disabilities. This act includes preparing children with disabilities for employment and independent living. -
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F
Garret was an individual who was paralyzed from the neck down since the age of 4. Garret's mental ability was unaffected by the accident but he required nursing services in his classrooms throughout the day. Under IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), the court ruled that students will be provided with the services they need in order to succeed in school at no additional cost to the parents. -
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
This act signed by former President, Obama, replaced the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002. The ESSA shines light on where students are succeeding and struggling to ensure that the areas of difficulty are being addressed in order to have the children succeed. This act was also created to set a clear goal for preparing students for success in college and careers.
