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Brown vs Board of Education 1954
In 1952, Thurgood Marshall presented arguments to the Supreme Court to end segregation in public schools. Marshall argued that separate but equal was in fact unequal and violate the Fourteenth Amendment. On May 14, 1954 Chief Justice Warren and all of the Justices declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional and end segregation.
https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Vocational rehabilitation act 1963
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1963 prohibits discrimination from federal agencies and programs which receive federal funding towards a person with disabilities. It gives the right to a person with disabilities access to employ ability, community services, and higher education. This law prohibits any discrimination against a person with disabilities in public education, employment, and social and health services. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1965
In April 9, 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed The Elementary and Secondary Education Law. This law supported public schools through federal funding to assist children from low income families. Teachers were to receive professional development to close the achievement gap between low income and middle-class children. Parents were also supported through program resources and parent involvement. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia 1972
In 1972, The Mills lawsuit was presented to the court on behalf of seven school-age children who had been denied the right to public education due to mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities. The District of Columbia government and school system agreed that that they did not have the financial resources to support these students. The court stated that no child should be denied public education due to a mental, physical or social-emotional disability and funds had to be used fairly. -
Section 504 Rehabilitation Act 1973
Section 504 is a civil rights law that requires accommodations and service for any individual with disabilities in programs that received federal financial founding. Students not under Section 504 required special accommodations in the general education classroom. It protects individuals who have a physical or mental impairment that significantly limits a major life activity. This law prohibits discrimination and exclusion in school, jobs and community. -
Education Amendment Act 1974
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA) require that State Education Agencies (SEA) and school districts to provide adequate services to assist English Language Learners (ELL). They were to act on overcoming barriers that hinder ELL students from participating in state and district education programs. School districts and SEA must provide adequate language services, resources, ESL programs, ESL teachers and/or materials. -
Education for all handicapped children Act 1975
The Education for all handicapped children Act 1975 ensured that all schools who received federal funding must provide equal access to education to all children regardless of their disability. Schools were to evaluate and make an education plan for children with disabilities in which parents were to be included. This law later became known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). -
IDEA 1990
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990 replaced the EAHCA of 1986. States receive finical aid to ensure appropriate services for students birth to 21 with disabilities.Students with disabilities receive Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE). An Individual Education Plan (IEP) is created by a multidisciplinary team based on the students’ needs.
https://youtu.be/66g6TbJbs2g -
No child left behind 2001
President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act on 2001. This law placed accountability on schools, teachers, and student’s own performance. Funding was taken away from schools that did not meet appropriate requirements set by the law. Low income students, minority students, and students with disabilities were to receive adequate education. Schools had to implement and achieve learning standards. Progress had to be made by the school in order to keep funding. -
IDEIA 2004
Amended in 2004, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act provided more funding to early intervention services for students not receiving special education. It also allowed the Response to Intervention (RTI) model to determine if a student presented a learning disability, raised special education standards, and prevented over-representation of minority students in special education
