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The theory states that all emotion is derived from the presence of a stimulus, which evokes a physiological response, such as muscular tension, a rise in heart rate, perspiration, and dryness of mouth. This physical arousal makes a person feel a specific emotion. According to this theory, emotion is a secondary feeling, indirectly caused by the primary feeling, which is the physiological response caused by the presence of a stimulus.
This date was chosen because it was the year of the hypothesis -
Sigmund was one of the first people to study psychoanalysis but he is also known for his theory of dreams. I chose this date because this is when Frued began to study with a French Neurologist and thought hysteria was an emotional state and not the nervous system.
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Russian Psychologist best known for his experiment performed on babies and dogs.He made small slits in their cheeks to measure the amount of salvation processed when food was presented. I chose this date because this is approximately when Ivan began to practice these experiments in his labratory.
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Thorndike is known for his positive and negative reinforcement. He placed cats in a maze, and everytime they found their way out they were rewarded with a treat. I chose this date because this is when Thorndike had the Law-of-Effect Theory.
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John Watson was able to condition a previously unafraid baby to become afraid of a rat. He used Classical Conditioning by placing a rat on a table in front of Albert, who did not react. He then began making a loud noise on several separate occasions while showing Albert the rat. Albert cried in reaction to the noise and, after a period of conditioning, cried in response to the rat even without the loud noise. I chose this date because this is the time span Watson began the experiment.
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Piaget mostly observed children. One of his most know experiments is when he uses a tall glass and a shorter glass both with the same amount of substance in them. Then he'll ask which one has more? The child usually says the taller glass just because it looks larger. I chose this date because in the 50's is when the study of Cognition began and when Piaget theorized his cognitive behavioral stages.
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Maslow's Hierachy of needs is a pyramid with 5 stages. With the level of importance starting at the bottom. You must achieve the bottom needs in order to proceed to the top needs, I chose this date because this is when Maslow's pyramid was first published.
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Milgram- Each participant took the role of a "teacher" who would then deliver a shock to the "student" every time an incorrect answer was produced. While the participant believed that he was delivering real shocks to the student, the student was actually a confederate in the experiment who was simply pretending to be shocked. I chose this date b/c this is when he designed the high voltage generator for this experiment.
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Albert Bondura is known for his BOBO doll experiment. Children watched a film of what adults did to the doll. Then they copied the adults. (Observational Learning) I chose this date because this is when the experiment began, up until 1963.
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Zimbardo a college professor made his students use the school as a prison cell. Some students were guards, and the others prisoners. This was an example of Socioculture. I chose this date because this is the first day the experiment took place at Stanford University.
