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History of Multilingual Competency in the United States

By SunSipper
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    History of Multilingual Competency in the United States

    References:
    Diaz-Rico, L.T. (2012). A course for teaching English learners (2nd edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Previti, P. (2005). Help! They don’t speak English! Retrieved from http://www.eht.k12.nj.us/~webnclb/media/HELP!TheyDontSpeakEnglish.pdf
  • South Carolina Act of 1740

    South Carolina Act of 1740

    In response to Nat Turner Rebellion and others alike, teaching slaves to read and write was outlawed. Slaves were denied ability to speak, read or write in their native tongue; forbidden to read or write in the secondary language as well.
  • Native American Boarding School Movement (1864 – 1900)

    Native American Boarding School Movement (1864 – 1900)

    Native American children are forcibly removed from their homes by federal government and placed in boarding schools where they are stripped of their culture, religion, and language.
  • Bennett Act off 1889/ First anti-bilingual education legislation is passed in 1888

    Bennett Act off 1889/ First anti-bilingual education legislation is passed in 1888

    The states of Wisconsin and Illinois establish English speaking only schools.
  • Naturalization Act of 1906

    Naturalization Act of 1906

    Requires all immigrants to learn the English-language as a requirement of citizenship.
  • Meyer v. Nebraska in 1923

    Meyer v. Nebraska in 1923

    The Supreme Court bans an English-only law.
  • Pearl Harbor bombing, 1941

    Pearl Harbor bombing, 1941

    Japanese forced into internment camps with English-only schools. All Japanese schools are closed.
  • Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

    Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

    Supreme Court rules that it is unconstitutional for states to declare laws that establish separate public schools for black and white students.
  • Civil Rights Act Title VI, 1964

    Civil Rights Act Title VI, 1964

    Outlawed discrimination and the denial of education access based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
  • Chicano Movement of 1968

    Chicano Movement of 1968

    10,000 Chicano students boycotts L.A. schools with a demand for bilingual education. Charges against boycotters were declared unconstitutional.
  • Bilingual Education Act of 1968

    Bilingual Education Act of 1968

    (Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Title VII), Federal legislation that provides funding to school districts in order to help them develop bilingual education programs.
  • Lau v. Nichols (414 U.S. 563) in 1974

    Lau v. Nichols (414 U.S. 563) in 1974

    Chinese students who have limited proficiency in the English language bring a civil rights case demanding that they receive special help in school due to their limited English-speaking proficiency. Sparked nationwide rights as the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students.
  • NCLB, No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

    NCLB, No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

    ESEA, Elementary and Secondary Education act is reauthorized. Funding is provided to states after annual tests are assessed. More funds are provided to schools for ELL students.