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Mother of Management
Mary Parker Follet (1868-1933) is the mother of management. Throughout her life she wrote about managers behaving towards employees. She believed that since workers are actually doing the job, they know the most about it and can contribute to decision making. (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 51). -
The Gilbreths
Frank (1868-1924) and Mary Gilbreth (1878-1972) started their work after F.W. Taylor. The couple studided fatigue. They tested the facors of lighting, heating, color, and other factors, and what effect it had on the workers. (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 42). -
Gantt Chart
Henry Gantt developed a chart that is udes for large projects still to this day. the chart includes dates, expected time for a task to be completed, and completion of tasks. This chart can be used to show deadlines and the process/progress of a project. (Kumar 2005). -
Max Weber
During the 20th century Weber developed the principles of bureaucracy, a system that ensured efficiency and effectiveness. Bureaucracy includes a specific hierarchy, written rules and procedures, specified tasks, and a reward system. (George & Jones, 2014, 45). -
Scientific Management
F.W. Taylor developed this concept with the goal of increasing efficiency. There are four principles involved that include studying how workers perform, have a set of written rules, increase specialization, and to have a reward system. (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 39). -
American Management Association
This association provides solutions, conferences, books, podcasts, seminars, and much more to individuals and organizations. The intent of the association is to help these individuals and organizations achieve their goals. (American Management Association 2014). -
Fordism
Henry Ford created the mass production manufacturing system. This meant creating a conveyor belt that would bring the cars to the workers. This increased efficiency as well as specialization. (George & Jones, 2014. pg. 35-36). -
Hours/Wages Changed
Henry Ford had a very large turnover rate. in order to fix this problem, he changed the length of the work day and the hourly wage. He changed the day from 9 to 8 hours, a common length still to this day. (Jones & George, 2013, p. 47) -
Henri Fayol
With efficiency in mind, Fayol developed fourteen principles to increase efficiency as well as the management process. A few of the principles include division of labor, centralization, order, unity of command, and initiative. (George & Jones, 2014, 46-47). -
Human Relations Movement
In the 1920's F.J. Roethlisberger was one of the master minds behind this movement. This included an idea that supervisors should have training that helps them manage employees and increase productivity. This was the start of work norms. (Harvard Business School, 2012). -
Hawthorne Studies
Researchers studied workers and the effects of work setting characteristics at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. Lighting and length of rest periods were just a few of the many factors observed. (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 52). -
The "HP Way"
One of the companies that was founded on the beliefs of Theory Y, David Packard and Bill Hewlett created a people-orientated setting in their shop. They also 'managed by wandering around.' This led to a creative place of work. (George and Jones, 2014). (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 54). -
Hierarchy of Needs
During the 1940's and 1950's, Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs. This hierarchy has become a motivator for managers. Managers can provide rewards satisfying the need of an employee, ultimately motivating them. With motivated employees comes quality production. (Sadri, 2011). -
Contingency Theory
Tom Burns, G. M. Stalker, Paul Lawerence, and Jay Lorsch developed this theory. The theory's message is that there is not one specific way that is best to organize. The decisions managers make are contingent on the external environment. (George & Jones, 2014, 57-58). -
SWOT Analysis
In the 1960's the SWOT analysis was developed as a tool used in a business as a way to evaluate the business overall. The analysis looks at strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. (Virginia Tech, 1995). -
Ethics
Business ethics began in the 1960's. This is when business's began establishing codes of conduct and value/moral statements. Through the decades, business ethics have changed, grown, and have become more strict. (Ethics, 2014). -
Theory Y
In conjunction with Theory X, Douglas McGregor also proposed Theory Y. This is the opposite of Theory X; workers are not lazy, will do what is best for the organization, managers create a setting that provides for self-direction, and authority is decentralized. (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 54). -
Theory X
Douglas McGregor proposed that workers are lazy, will do as little as possible, should be closely supervised, and have strict rules. With this type of enviroment, managers centralize authority. (George & Jones, 2014, pg. 53). -
Equal Pay Act
This act requires employers to pay equally to any of the employees doing the same job, whether they be male or female. (Burns & Burns, 1973). -
Title VII
This title is part of the civil rights. This section of the civil rights prohibits an employer from discrimination against the race, religion, sex, etc. when it comes to hiring, promotions, raises, and benefits. (United States Department). -
Occupational Safety and Health Act
This act was passed to make sure that employers are following protocol, regulations, and rules in the facility. This act was passed with the employee in mind, it is to protect the employee from harm at the place of work. (United States Department). -
Peter Senge
During the 1970's and 1980's, Senge developed 5 principles that come together as a whole and form a system, a system necessary to a business. they include: personal mastery, mental models, shared visions, team learning, and systems thinking. (Systems). -
American Disabilities Act
This act was implemented in 1990, causing a big swing for civil rights. This act prohibits a business from discriminating against those with a disability. (Gunde, 1991). -
Family Medical Leave Act
This act provides unpaid leave for ill members of a family. The intent of the act was to create a balance between the work demands and the family demands. An example of when this act can be applied is when a mother is having a child. (Findley et. al., 2007). -
North American Free Trade Agreement
This agreement is for Canada, Mexico, and the United States. With this, trade, products, and networks have increased for each country involved. (Office of United States).
