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Believed diseases were caused by spirits. -
Exorcise evil spirits, early form Trephining.
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Digitalis, chewed to strengthen and slow the heartbeat. Quinine, controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria. Belladonna and Atropine, also help relieve muscle spasms, especially in GI pain. Morphine, effective medication for treating pain, but very addicting. Only used when nothing else helps.
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They were the earliest people to keep accurate health records. The physicians were priests. They used medicines to heal disease, learned how to splint, treated disorders by bloodletting with leaches.
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Early medical pioneers learned to treat variety of illness and disease with stone tools, that eventually evolved into acupuncture, still used today.
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The first people to study that diseases and illnesses might be caused by natural causes and not spirits. Bodies were not allowed to be to be dissected due to religious customs. Hippocrates based his research on anatomy, and wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates.
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They were the first to organize medical care. They sent medical equipment and physicians to care for wounded soldiers. They used masks to protect themselves from infection and bad odors. They build medical building meant for the sick, and to take care of them.
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They stopped studying medicine for 1,000 years because the church had believed life and death were in Gods hands. They had no interest in how the human body worked.
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their primary treatment was prayer. medication consisted of herbal mixtures, and care was custodial.
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They caused millions of deaths, the Bubonic plague alone killed 60 million people. Other diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis, are not always life threatening like they were back then.
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Built universities and medical schools for research. Dissection finally accepted for the study of the body. Development of printing press, published books.
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Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
discovered the fallopian tubes in the female body. -
discovcered the Eustachian tube.
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physiology, described the circulation of blood and pumping of the heart. -
Made microscope, claimed there is life smaller than we can see. Found bacteria that caused tooth decay, found germs that that cause disease.
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Early pharmacies made in those times.
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discovered bifocals, found that colds could be contagious.
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Students did not just attended lectures, they dissected bodies to observe the disease process.
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Discovered oxygen, along with plants recycling the O2.
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Discovered a vaccine for smallpox…led to immunities and preventive medicines to be made.
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Invented the stethoscope. -
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Identified the cause of childbed fevers, established accepted practice of washing hands, and changing aprons used after dissecting.
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Dedicated to nursing, prepared reports in needing better sanitation and construction and managements of hospitals.
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Father of microbiology…Discovered tiny microorganisms, proved they caused diseases, heating milk, prevention of bacteria.
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Discovered viruses. -
developed Asepsis. Developed method of sanitation before, during, and after surgery. -
Discovered many disease causing organisms. Introduced the importance of cleanliness, and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.
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Discovered the effect of medicine of disease causing organisms, but some not affective in killing other bacteria.
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Discovered X-rays. -
first they strangled patients, then found chloroform, and better alternatives for painless surgeries. -
discovered penicillin and its affects on different illnesses.
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discovered the conscious and unconscious mind. Determined that the mind and body work together.
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds, effective in killing diseases.
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discovered dead polio virus, made people immune to poliomyelitis.
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Polished a vaccine for polio virus, more effective.
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Discovered the double helix shape of DNA, and how hereditary information is passed. -
Specializes on brain surgeries, and separating Siamese twins.
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Treatments for cancer using radiation.
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Able to see the sequence of chromosomes on the genome.
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Instead of only transplanting organs, they have transplanted faces.
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Used to be able to smoke in restaurants, different buildings.
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Peg leg…Into robotic limbs that can move by voice commands, or brain waves.