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Catherine Beecher wrote "A treatise on Domestic Economy" in 1841 which was the first FACS text book recognized by the Department of Education. She promoted equal access to education for women and advocated for their roles as teachers and mothers. Her books also advocated self-sacrifice, frugality, childcare, cooking, and modesty. She also founded the American Woman's Educational Association. -
These two helped found the Lake Placid Club which was pivotal in creating careers for women. -
Passed on July, 2nd 1862. This act established public colleges to be funded by the development or sale of federal land grants. Because of these grants, over 10 million acres were dispossessed from tribal lands of Native communities. It provided opportunities for thousands of farmers and working people that were excluded from achieving higher educations to pursue agriculture and mechanic arts. -
A land-grant university is an institution that receives benefits from the Morrill Acts designed by state legislature or Congress. There is at least one of these grants in every states. -
In 1871 the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville was established and was the first state-assisted college in Arkansas. -
University of Arkansas Pine Bluff was established in 1873 by a state senator John Middleton Clayton. It was not built until 1875 because of the state's economic situation. It's primary objective was to educate black students to become teachers for black students. -
The Hatch Act of 1887 strengthened the capacity of land-grant universities to research agricultural problems faced by rural citizens. This act funded land-grant colleges to create agricultural experiment stations which provided a foundation for the Smith Lever Act Extension. -
The Rumford Kitchen, started by Ellen Richards and John Abel, educated students on the principles and science of cooking. To reduce expenses the food cooked in the kitchen was sold under concession from the administration, but it was not a money-making exhibit. -
Caroline Hunt became the first professor of home economics at the University of Wisconsin in 1903. She participated in multiple Lake Placid conferences and wrote a book titled, "The Life of Ellen H. Richards", in 1912. She also collected dietary histories and social and economic information, these studies were published by governmental departments. -
Ellen H. Richards founded the AAFCS in 1909 and she was the first female graduate and professor of the Massachusetts Instate of Technology. This influential woman and a small group of men and women created the American Home Economics Association. Her main activism was for consumer education, child protection, application of principles to the family and consumer education. -
The Smith Lever Act of 1914 established a national cooperative extension service that provided outreach programs throughout land-grand universities provide education on agriculture and technology for rural Americans. This helped increase our agricultural productivity during the 20th century -
Martha Rensselaer became the president of the AAFCS in 1914. She was also a professor and head of the Department of Home Economics at Cornell University and developed Cooperative Extension Service Programs there. She attended Lake Placid Conference. -
Smith Hughes Act provided federal aid to states to promote precollegiate vocational education in agriculture and industrial trades in home economics -
The Bette Lamp was adopted as the American Home Economics Association logo in 1926. The lamp produced good lighting and widely used by American colonists. The Association thought it symbolizes enlightenment through leadership. -
Future Homemakers of America was established in 1945. This prepared girls in every area of home life including food preparation, home furnishings, child care, clothing construction, sanitation, health care, and family relations. This helped prepare households for responsibilities of a moral household and confident homemakers. This educational class started as an assumption that women's work was to the home and men worked outside, but over the years this education helped all genders. -
The Vocational Education Acts of 1963 provided grants to improve vocational and technical education programs. The funds were used to build schools for vocational education and occupation training for school dropouts and others that were not able to get a higher education -
The Vocational Amendment of 1968 & 1973 extended the work of 1963 amendments. Each state had to submit a plan with administrative policies of annual and 5-year programs. They were focused on homemaking education programs. -
The Vocational Amendment of 1976 required states receiving these funds to eliminate gender bias and discrimination in vocational education. -
The Carl Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act was fist established in 1984 and then reauthorized in 1990. The act aimed to increase the quality of technical education to help the economy. This act provides 1.2 billion in federal support for careers and technical programs in all 50 states. -
The Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 merged the former Cooperative State Research Service and the former Extension Service into one single agency. This made the agency responsible for placing funds and providing research and education -
The Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 was established to take the place of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. This Act was created to respond to the changing times and landscapes of the 21st century. It addressed climate change, food security, natural resources, child obesity prevention, bioenergy, and environmental sustainability.