History of Early Childhood Education in New Zealand

By JessTheBeast

  • Parish work houses

  • London foundling homes for infants

    Thomas coran - 100% mortality (older children survived)

  • 1st book of child rearing - Dr willian cadgon

  • Protestant and Catholic orphan schools opened in Australia

  • Kindergartens spreads through Germany

  • Sisters of Mercy founded an orphanage in Auckland

    during their journey over the sea from Dublin the sisters were taught Maori and preached to in french. they were the first Catholic sisters to reach New Zealand

  • Parnell orphan home - Anglican church

  • Neglected criminal children's act

  • 10 institutes established for orphaned and destitute children

  • Dunedin Creche formed

    baby farming came into being

  • Industrial schools act allowed for fostering

  • First kindergarten opened in Dunedin

  • NZ first foundling home

    • Mother Aubert/children's protection act infants under one accounted for a quarter of deaths

  • Infant life protection act

  • Adoption of children act

  • legislated protection of children in family and workplaces

    World congress for women

  • mothering was seen as an occupation of value

  • first creche in wellington

    Mother Aubert established a creche for children of unmarried mothers

  • Professional baby farmer, (Mary Ann Guy) convicted of murder

  • infant mortalities dropped to become the lowest in the world

  • Plunket movement started in Dunedin

  • Karitane home for babies opened in Dunedin

  • 60 branches formed with Plunket nurses and 6 Karitane hospitals opened.

  • Mother craft manual "feeding and care of baby"

  • Period: to

    World War 1

  • Period: to

    Great Depression

  • The 'Great Depression' and dunedin nusery established

  • Elizabeth McCombs first woman member of parliament

    established a community creche run by city council

  • 34 free kindergartens 2 charitable creches

  • Period: to

    World War 2

  • new Playcentre movement

  • 40 playcentres

  • NZ Playcentre federation is constituted

  • Moira Bell (Nee callagher) promotes child centred programmes

  • Period: to

    Playcentre and Kindergarten create workforce of women in preschool education

    Playcentre receive 2,635 pounds and Kindergarten receive 247,000 pounds from the government

  • Recruitment and training of teachers was moved to teachers colleges

  • 92 Playcentres

  • NZ free kindergarten association is formed

    government tries to get more co-operation between Playcentres and Kindergartens

  • NZTKA negotiates employment conditions

  • Michelle Irene Ramsey was born

    i.e. my mum :)

  • First NZ childcare regulations

  • First married women accepted into Primary and Kindergarten training

  • Cultural awareness is accepted in centres and schools

  • All Kindergarten staffed with fully trained teachers

  • Funding cuts caused closure of karitane hospitals replaces by day units (Plunket karitane family centre)

  • Plunket philosophy changes

    identifies child's development (0-5)

  • Government introduced fee subsidies for parents unable to afford costs of childcare

    due to the need for more workers in the workplace

  • Government commissioned a report into childcare issues

    which found the need for better regulations and more trained staff (5 years until it was released in 1981

  • National car seat rental programme introduced

  • fore-runner to Kohanga Reo

    Aine Potaka developed the idea of Maori curriculum for Maori children

  • Government introduces grants to support early childhood training

  • Labour Government transfers Early Childhood services from department of social welfare to Department of education

  • Department of Education replaced by Ministry of Education

    -the ministry of Educations primary role was to focus on policy development and funding
    - Governments report on ECE published "Education to be more"

  • "Before Fives " reform

  • ECE curriculum acknowledged, a bi-cultural nation was under development

  • Period: to

    10 new ECE centres opened

  • first university to establish an Early Childhood department

    Waikato university

  • Impact of Budget

    • fees went up & wages went down
    • cut in Kindergarten ratios but increase of roll numbers
    • ratio's for funding for under 2 children led initiative "PAFT"

  • I was born

  • First NZ curriculum for ECE

    Te Whariki

  • quality in action (DOP's) and regulations released

  • 10 year strategic plan

  • 6 centres of innovation named

  • Kei Tua O Te Pae assessment for learning Early childhood exemplars

  • 20 hours free introduced by labour Government

  • Updated Early Childhood regulations released

  • Budget

    • announces removal of 100% -20 hours extended to include 5 year olds, Kohanga Reo and Playcentre
    • 80% - 100% new funding fate will be reduced
    • reduction in funding for 80% rate
  • Period: to

    Average cost per hour of ECE services increases

    Education and care - 11%
    Kindergarten - 6%
    Home based - 9%
    Playcentre - 1%
    Kohanga Reo - n/a http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/ECE/2013-survey-of-income-income-expenditure-and-fees-of-ece-providers

  • Around 87% of 3 year-olds and 94% of 4 year-olds in New Zealand were enrolled in centre-based ECE

    http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/165164/Education-at-a-Glance-2014-New-Zealand-Summary-Report.pdf

  • New Zealand has one of the lowest ratios of full-time equivalent children to ECE teachers,

    with on average 7 children per teacher, compared with the OECD average of 14 full-time equivalent children to every teacher.

  • ECE teachers tend to be younger than,

    the general working population and a lot younger than teachers in the other education sectors.

  • While most ECE teachers are European, their proportion of Māori, Pasifika and Asian teachers is higher than

    for the general working population and for teachers in the other education sectors

  • 5,272 ECE services, of these, 4,385 were licensed services.