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Chemical Test
Researchers develop the first chemical tests to indicate and measure the presence of sugar in the urine. -
Linking
Bernard discovers that glycogen is formed by the liver and speculates that this is the same sugar found in the urine of diabetics. This is the first linking of diabetes and glycogen metabolism. -
Treatment
French physician, Bouchardat, notices the disappearance of sugar in the urine of his diabetes patients during the food rationing in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War and formulates the idea of individualized diets. -
Period: to
Treatments
Diabetes treatment includes: the "oat-cure", the milk diet, the rice cure, "potato therapy", opium, and overfeeding to compensate for the loss of fluids and weight. -
Methods
Benedict devises a new method to measure urine sugar (Benedict's Solution). -
Discovery
Insulin is "discovered". A de-pancreatized dog is successfully treated with insulin. -
Production
mass production of insulin in North America. -
Tests
In Toronto, one of Collip's insulin extracts is tested on a human being, a 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson. -
Standardized
A uniform insulin syringe is developed and diabetes management becomes more standardized. -
Drugs
Oral drugs that help lower blood glucose levels are introduced. -
Types
Two major types of diabetes are recognized: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. -
Pumps
Insulin pumps are developed. -
Now
Among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010. 57 million Americans (categorized as “pre-diabetic”) are at risk of developing diabetes in the next ten years if they don’t make appropriate lifestyle changes.
References
