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History of Diabetes

  • Chemical Test

    Chemical Test

    Researchers develop the first chemical tests to indicate and measure the presence of sugar in the urine.
  • Linking

    Linking

    Bernard discovers that glycogen is formed by the liver and speculates that this is the same sugar found in the urine of diabetics. This is the first linking of diabetes and glycogen metabolism.
  • Treatment

    Treatment

    French physician, Bouchardat, notices the disappearance of sugar in the urine of his diabetes patients during the food rationing in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War and formulates the idea of individualized diets.
  • Period: to

    Treatments

    Diabetes treatment includes: the "oat-cure", the milk diet, the rice cure, "potato therapy", opium, and overfeeding to compensate for the loss of fluids and weight.
  • Methods

    Methods

    Benedict devises a new method to measure urine sugar (Benedict's Solution).
  • Discovery

    Discovery

    Insulin is "discovered". A de-pancreatized dog is successfully treated with insulin.
  • Production

    Production

    mass production of insulin in North America.
  • Tests

    Tests

    In Toronto, one of Collip's insulin extracts is tested on a human being, a 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson.
  • Standardized

    Standardized

    A uniform insulin syringe is developed and diabetes management becomes more standardized.
  • Drugs

    Drugs

    Oral drugs that help lower blood glucose levels are introduced.
  • Types

    Types

    Two major types of diabetes are recognized: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
  • Pumps

    Pumps

    Insulin pumps are developed.
  • Now

    Now

    Among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010. 57 million Americans (categorized as “pre-diabetic”) are at risk of developing diabetes in the next ten years if they don’t make appropriate lifestyle changes.
    References