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To begin the computer science is the applied (hardworking) science that includes the study and application of the automatic treatment of the information, using electronic devices and systems, as the abacus, invented about the 220 B.C.
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The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms
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Invented in 1947 at Bell Labs, transistors have become the key ingredient of all digital circuits, including computers.
Today's latest microprocessor contains tens of millions of microscopic transistors. -
The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau
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The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers
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This term is coined by Jhon McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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: Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
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The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits we rebuilt onto a single silicon chip. A silicon chip that contains a CPU.
Three basic characteristics differentiate microprocessors:
-Instruction Set: The set of instructions that the microprocessor can execute. -Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction. -Clock Speed: Given in MHz, the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute. -
It is commercialized the series of microcomputers of Apple before the Macintosh
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Microsoft launches Windows as graphic interface of the operative system MS-DOS
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The World Wide Web is launched, which is the net as we know it nowadays
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Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development,though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. -
-Games Playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers
-Expert Systems: programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations.
-Natural Language: programming computers to understand natural human languages
-Neural Networks: Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains
-Robotics: programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli. -
An IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.
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Siri is a system based in voice recognition included in Apple devices since the Iphone 4S
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Microsoft presents Cortana, similar to Siri
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Google presents its system of voice recognition similar to Siri and Cortana.