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Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch showed the first demonstration of cloning by shaking two-celled sea urchins so much that they separated and grew into two separate esea urchins.
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Walter Sutton proves that chromosomes hold genes'genetic information and are in the nucleus. Later, in 1903, he published "The Chromosomes in Heredity"
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Using a baby hair, Spemann divided a salamnder egg into two. The nucleus was pushed into one side of the split cell. Only the side with the nucelus developed into new cells. After 4 cell divisions he had made 16 cells.
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Robert Briggs and Thomas King complete the first successful nuclear tranfer on a frog. They rook a nucleus from a tadpole and put it into a frog whose nucleus had been removed.
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Francis Crick and James Watson determine the double helix shape of DNA.
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David Rorvik was an esteemed medical writer for both Time and The New York Times who made the claim that in 1978 the first human clone had been born. It was a hoax, but it because of his credibility was researched into and gained a lot of attention. Many people suspected Rorvi, to be telling the truth because of his credibility, and the credibility of his book's publishing company the J.B. Lippincott Company, itself a well-regarded publisher of medical books.
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The National Institutes of Health officially launch the Human Genome Project. Project is to research the human genome and find out more about base pairs of DNA and identifying and mapping the genes of the human genome.
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Dolly the sheep, the first animal ever cloned, was born on July 5th, 1996.
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President Clinton says he is proposes a 5 year moratorium federal and privately funded human cloning research.
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Richard Seed, American physicist and entrepreneur, announces that he will clone a human before the government makes it illegal.
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Early January 1998, 19 European Nations ban human cloning.
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The Food and Drug Administration announces it has authority over human cloning.
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Gaur and Mouflon et. al. clone endangered animals. Difficulties were found in trying to find animals with the most similar DNA to serve as donors/surrogates.
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Researchers took cells from an adult monkey and fused it with an egg cell without a nucleus. The embryo developed and then the cells were grown in a culture dish. Because these cells can change to form any cell type, they are called embryotic stem cells.
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Human embryonic stem cells created by somatic cell nuclear transfer by Shoukhrat Mitalipov and colleague. Done by taking skin cells from a patient and fusing them with donated egg cells. Electrical pulses were used to stimulate the eggs to begin dividing.
