History of Biology

By trichardson97
  • 335 BCE

    335 BC: Aristotle's contribution to Biology

    -Aristotle attempted to classify animals based on characteristics that were similar among them, such as ones that had red blood cells and those who did.
    -Anatomy of marine creatures

  • 1665: Cells

    -States that all organisms are from similar cells
    -Gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles

  • 1667: Blood

    -First transfusion of blood from an animal to a human, it was successful

  • 1668: Redi

    -Redi disproved the belief that maggots spontaneously generated from meat using a controlled environment
    -Shows that micro-organisms need air to grow

  • 1674: Microscopy

    -The first microscope was built with only one lens
    -With the microscope, it helped describe bacteria

  • 1735: Classification

    -Framing of principles for defining natural gene and species of organisms
    -Showed a growing number of species

  • 1745: Needham

    -Needham boiled chicken, put it inside a flask and sealed it.
    -Proved spontaneous generation (micro-organisms appearing out of no where)

  • 1768: Spallanzani

    -An experimental study of bodily functions and animal reproduction
    -Results of his regeneration and transplantation experiments

  • 1804: Water in plants

    -Municipal water treatment plants were introduced
    -Provided filtered water to households

  • 1825: Dinoaurs

    -Iguanodon was discovered; the first dinosaur
    -Helped the discovery of other dinosaurs

  • 1839: Cellular Biology

    -Theodor Schwann proposed animals are composed of cells

  • 1858: Cellular Biology

    -Cells develop only from existing cells

  • 1859: Evolution

    -All life is related in a way and it has descended from a common ancestor
    -Over time, beneficial mutations in the genes have been passed down over time through generation to generation
    -Helped with major discoveries in molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics

  • 1862: Energy in plants

    -Julius von Sachs demonstrated light-dependant starch formation in chloroplast
    -Relation to chlorophyll

  • 1864: Biogenesis (Pasteur)

    -Showed that airborne microbes were cause of disease
    -"If a vaccine for smallpox can be found, a vaccine for anything can be found"

  • 1866: Genetics

    -Cross bred peas
    -The Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Independent Segregation, and Law of Dominance were discovered
    -Germ cell of most organisms transmit characteristics generations to generations

  • 1878: Medicine/Surgery

    -Anesthesia of discovered
    -Surgeries are now able to be performed without pain

  • 1898: Doggy Slobber

    -Study of reflexes
    -Unveiled how the digestive system works
    -Sounds relating to food and their responses

  • 1908: Genetics

    -Derived the general equilibrium principle for a single locus with two alleles
    -Likely hood of which trait will be dominant and passed on

  • 1915: Cancer

    -A hypothesis which included that viruses caused cancer
    -Discovered that an avian tumour could be transplanted to others

  • 1928: Medicine

    -Penicillin was discovered, the first antibiotic

  • 1932: Microscopy

    -Transparent biological materials are studied for the first time

  • 1940: Cellular Processes

    -The relationship between genes and proteins
    -Connecting genetics with biochemistry

  • 1944: Genetics

    -Isolated DNA as the material of which genes and chromosomes are made

  • 1952: Miller-Urey

    -Complete chemicals are needed for living things to develop naturally on early earth

  • 1953: DNA

    -The structure was determined as a double helix
    -DNA was also proved that it replicates itself

  • 1967: Endosymblosis

    -The origin of eukaryote cells
    -Helped the origin of mitosis

  • 1969: Classification

    -Separated the cells into groups

  • 1974: Anthropology/Evolution of Humans

    -The remains of 'Lucy' were uncovered
    -How far we've evolved since then

  • 1980: Extinction

    -The meteorite impact theory was developed
    -Studied rare earth elements
    -Iridium was discovered and it's relative to meteorites

  • 1987: Evolution

    -Compared mitochondria DNA and human evolution
    -Argued that all humans had a common ancestor in Africa around 200 000 years ago

  • 1990: Genetics

    -The understanding of cells were increased
    -Resulting in sequencing all 3.2 billion letters for the human genome

  • 1996: Genetics

    -Genes were involved in transcriptional regulation in drosophila
    -Genes were characterized shown to be critical for flower development
    -Predict the accuracy of the phenotype of double and triple helix

  • 2001: Genetics

    -Humans have approximately 30 000 genes
    -One gene can predict the synthesis of many proteins

  • 2009: Stem Cells

    -May support and conduct responsible scientific worthy human stem cell research
    -Cells that are derived from inner cells mass of blastocyst stage human embryos