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IN THE 20th CENTURY, MASS PRODUCTION AND MODERN MARKETING MADE CIGARETTES AVAILABLE TO THE MASSES.
CIGARETTES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN LINKED WITH RELAXATION AND ENJOYMENT, IN THE BEGINNING, ONLY FOR A FEW EXCLUSIVE GROUPS. BUT IN THE 20th CENTURY, MASS PRODUCTION AND MODERN MARKETING MADE CIGARETTES AVAILABLE TO THE MASSES.
Stanton Glanz: BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIGARETTE MANUFACTURING MACHINE, IT WAS VERY EXPENSIVE TO MAKE CIGARETTES, -
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS, WHICH OCCURRED IN THE 1910s.
THIRD, AND PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE, WAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS, WHICH OCCURRED IN THE 1910s. AND THE FIRST REALLY BIG PUSH FOR CIGARETTES CAME IN WORLD WAR I, WHERE THE TOBACCO COMPANIES ARRANGED FOR THE TROOPS TO GET FREE CIGARETTES. -
THE SECOND IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT WAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY MATCHES
SO PEOPLE COULD LIGHT THE CIGARETTES -
Free cigarettes to WWI troops
AND THE FIRST REALLY BIG PUSH FOR CIGARETTES CAME IN WORLD WAR I, WHERE THE TOBACCO COMPANIES ARRANGED FOR THE TROOPS TO GET FREE CIGARETTES. -
Period: to
Generation Effort by Big Tobacco
FOR GENERATIONS, THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY HAS TRIED TO CONVINCE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE THAT SMOKING IS COOL, SEXY AND COMPLETELY HARMLESS -
Millions of Soldiers hooked by war's end
WHEN THE WAR ENDED, MILLIONS OF YOUNG MEN WERE REGULAR CONSUMERS OF TOBACCO AND WITH THE PERSUASIVE HELP OF MASSIVE MARKETING, THE DECADE BETWEEN 1910 AND 1920 SAW THE CONSUMPTION OF CIGARETTES IN THE U.S. ALONE RISE SIX-FOLD. -
Per capita consumption rose from 49 cigarettes in 1900 to 611 cigarettes in 1920.
Cigarette smoking became increasingly popular in America after World War I, when cigarettes were handed out to soldiers to boost morale. Per capita consumption rose from 49 cigarettes in 1900 to 611 cigarettes in 1920.
Along with a rise in smoking came a disturbing rise in lung cancer rates.
statistic video -
Richard Overholt: non-smoking patients had quicker surgical recoveries, And it was very difficult to convince people that this was doing damage to them because they felt that they were getting pleasure from smoking.
A handful of doctors began to raise early warnings about the dangers of smoking.
One was Richard Overholt: non-smoking patients had quicker surgical recoveries, higher survival rates than the smokers. He tried to get other doctors to encourage their patients to quit. A good share of the doctors were smokers. They didn't believe this. And it was very difficult to convince people that this was doing damage to them because they felt that they were getting pleasure from smoking. statistic video -
"LUCKY STRIKE MEANS FINE TOBACCO" WAS SPELLED OUT IN ENORMOUS LETTERS OVER TIMES SQUARE.
THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY PIONEERED MANY OF THE TECHNIQUES THAT WE NOW CELEBRATE IN MASS MARKETING. IN 1923, "LUCKY STRIKE MEANS FINE TOBACCO" WAS SPELLED OUT IN ENORMOUS LETTERS OVER TIMES SQUARE. THAT'S THE FIRST TIME THAT WAS EVER USED. TOBACCO IS THEN LATER PIONEERED IN RADIO AND MASS DISTRIBUTION-- MAGAZINES, WOMEN'S MAGAZINES, SPORTS MAGAZINES. -
"DEBUTANTES LIGHT TORCHES OF FREEDOM "TO PROTEST MAN'S INHUMANITY TO WOMEN BY A TABOO AGAINST SMOKING."
Edward Bernays: AND I SAID, "WHY, MR. HILL?" HE SAID, "THERE'S A TABOO BY MEN "THAT DOES NOT PERMIT WOMEN TO SMOKE. WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT BREAKING DOWN THAT TABOO?" Bernays: NEXT MORNING, THERE WASN'T A NEWSPAPER IN THE UNITED STATES-- EVEN THE NEW YORK TIMES HAD A FRONT-PAGE STORY: "DEBUTANTES LIGHT TORCHES OF FREEDOM "TO PROTEST MAN'S INHUMANITY TO WOMEN BY A TABOO AGAINST SMOKING." -
IN THE '20s, THE NUMBER OF WOMEN SMOKERS TRIPLED AS DID THE PRODUCTION OF CIGARETTES.
THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY'S ADVERTISEMENTS APPEALED TO MANY TYPES OF WOMEN-- THE SPORTY TYPE, THE RACY TYPE, AND THE WOMAN WITH WEIGHT PROBLEMS. "REACH FOR A LUCKY INSTEAD OF A SWEET," URGED THE MANUFACTURER OF LUCKY STRIKE. IN THE '20s, THE NUMBER OF WOMEN SMOKERS TRIPLED AS DID THE PRODUCTION OF CIGARETTES. -
Health Hazards Established in 1930's
The health hazards of cigarettes were scientifically established by the 1930s. -
COMMON KNOWLEDGE THAT CIGARETTES CAUSED THROAT IRRITATION AND COUGHING.
: WHILE CIGARETTES WERE BEING SMOKED AS NEVER BEFORE, CRITICS BEGIN TO WARN AGAINST THEM, FOR IT WAS COMMON KNOWLEDGE THAT CIGARETTES CAUSED THROAT IRRITATION AND COUGHING. -
ERNEST WYNDER, HERE IN THE UNITED STATES, DID EXPERIMENTS WHERE THEY PAINTED MICE WITH TOBACCO TAR AND GOT CANCER.
Doles and Wyner studies: . TWO FACTS COMING TOGETHER ATTRACTED A HUGE AMOUNT OF PUBLIC INTEREST.
READER'S DIGEST, WHICH IS PUBLISHED IN MANY DIFFERENT LANGUAGES, AND IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY READ MAGAZINES, WROTE ABOUT THE CONVINCING STUDIES, AND THE REST OF THE PRESS FOLLOWED SUIT IN WHAT WAS TO BE THE WORST CRISIS YET FOR THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY,
AS TOBACCO SALES FELL FOR THE FIRST TIME, AS DID STOCK BY TEN PERCENT. -
in the early 1940s, new studies sounded a louder alarm on the dangers of smoking.
One of the earliest and most compelling was a retrospective study conducted by Ernst Wynder Subjects were separated into two groups, those with cancer and those without. Their health status was treated as a categorical variable with one of two possible values-- cancer patient or non-cancer patient. Both groups were asked the same questions about their past habits. Responses were compared to see which habits distinguished people with cancer from those without. Smoking stood out. -
the popularity of cigarette smoking soared as a new image of the sophisticated, independent, and fun-loving smoker took hold. Little thought was given to the risks.
During the 1930s and '40s, the popularity of cigarette smoking soared as a new image of the sophisticated, independent, and fun-loving smoker took hold. Little thought was given to the risks. -
retrospective study
Despite the remarkable discrepancy in smoking habits between the two groups of patients, this so-called retrospective study was not good enough because the study looked at past behavior, behavior it could not control. lurking variables. What if, for example, something in the smokers' genetics predisposed them to smoke and also made them more inclined to develop lung cancer? In this case, it wouldn't be causation, but rather a common cause-- the smokers' DNA. -
THE OVERSEAS LEAGUE ORGANIZED A TOBACCO FUND QUITE EARLY IN THE WAR TO PROVIDE SMOKES FOR THE SERVICES.
THE BIGGEST BREAKTHROUGH OF THE CENTURY FOR THE CIGARETTE INDUSTRY, HOWEVER, CAME DURING WORLD WAR II.
Film Narrator: THE OVERSEAS LEAGUE ORGANIZED A TOBACCO FUND QUITE EARLY IN THE WAR TO PROVIDE SMOKES FOR THE SERVICES. AND THE FIRST DONOR WAS HIS MAJESTY, THE KING. IMMEDIATE HELP CAME FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD, PARTICULARLY FROM THE UNITED STATES. IN THE FIRST YEAR, OVER 70 MILLION CIGARETTES WERE THUS SENT OUT. SMOKES ARE IN CAMP, AND THE BOYS FEEL AS DELIGHTED AS YOU DO. -
A MAJOR PART OF THE MARSHAL PLAN TO REBUILD EUROPE WAS FREE TOBACCO
A MAJOR PART OF THE MARSHAL PLAN TO REBUILD EUROPE WAS FREE TOBACCO. SO BETWEEN 1945 AND EARLY 1950's, 90,000 TONS OF TOBACCO WERE SENT FREE OF CHARGE TO GERMANY. -
SHOWING THAT BRITISH DOCTORS WHO SMOKED GOT LUNG CANCER A LOT MORE THAN BRITISH DOCTORS WHO DIDN'T SMOKE.
IN THE EARLY 1950's, THERE WERE SEVERAL VERY IMPORTANT COMPLIMENTARY STUDIES THAT WERE DONE. SIR RICHARD DOLE DID HIS VERY LARGE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES, SHOWING THAT BRITISH DOCTORS WHO SMOKED GOT LUNG CANCER A LOT MORE THAN BRITISH DOCTORS WHO DIDN'T SMOKE.
AT THE SAME TIME, ERNEST WYNDER, HERE IN THE UNITED STATES, DID EXPERIMENTS WHERE THEY PAINTED MICE WITH TOBACCO TAR AND GOT CANCER. AND THOSE TWO FACTS COMING TOGETHER ATTRACTED A HUGE AMOUNT OF PUBLIC INTEREST. -
BRILLIANT STRATEGY OF "CREATING CONTROVERSY." by LEADERS OF ALL THE BIG TOBACCO COMPANIES
THERE WAS A VERY FAMOUS SECRET MEETING IN LATE 1953 AT THE PLAZA HOTEL IN NEW YORK CITY WHERE THE ACCORDING TO THIS NATIONWIDE SURVEY, MORE DOCTORS SMOKE CAMELS THAN ANY OTHER CIGARETTE. THE TOBACCO COMPANIES HAD UNDERSTOOD AT THAT POINT THAT THEY DIDN'T REALLY HAVE TO CONVINCE PEOPLE SMOKING WAS SAFE, WHICH WAS IMPOSSIBLE. THEY JUST HAD TO CONVINCE THEM THAT THE CASE WAS STILL OPEN. -
Prospective study
Doctors Hammond and Horn of the American Cancer Society gave about 200,000 people a smoking questionnaire and followed them for four years. Unlike a retrospective study, which begins with sick people-- cancer patients-- and works backwards to examine their habits, a prospective study looks ahead, following healthy people, both smokers and nonsmokers, forward through time to see which ones develop lung cancer. one step closer to nailing evidence of causation between smoking and lung cancer. -
prospective study showed number of cigs smoked caused more cancer
The preliminary study, published in 1954, caused quite a sensation. It was the largest study on smoking that had been done. It was the first prospective study that had been published. And it showed that people who smoke cigarettes have a lung cancer rate 10 times as high as people who never smoke and that the risk goes up proportionately according to the number of cigarettes that people smoke per day. -
Period: to
THE COUNCIL FOR TOBACCO RESEARCH-DOUBT BECAME A PERMANENT ALLY OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY, AND AFTER A SHORT DECLINE IN CIGARETTE SALES, MOST PEOPLE CONTINUED SMOKING AS IF NOTHING HAD HAPPENED.
FOR THE NEXT 40 YEARS, THEY SAID, WE HAVE NO EVIDENCE THERE'S ANY TOBACCO HAZARDS. WE'RE STUDYING THIS PROBLEM. IT NEEDS MORE RESEARCH. WE NEED TO MAKE SURE IT'S BASED ON SOUND SCIENCE. DOUBT BECAME A PERMANENT ALLY OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY, AND AFTER A SHORT DECLINE IN CIGARETTE SALES, MOST PEOPLE CONTINUED SMOKING AS IF NOTHING HAD HAPPENED. -
FULL-PAGE ADVERTISEMENT IN 448 AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS. UNDER THE HEADLINE, "A FRANK STATEMENT TO CIGARETTE SMOKERS,"
Narrator: ON JANUARY 4, 1954, THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY LAUNCHED A FULL-PAGE ADVERTISEMENT IN 448 AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS. UNDER THE HEADLINE, "A FRANK STATEMENT TO CIGARETTE SMOKERS," THE INDUSTRY WROTE: "WE ACCEPT AN INTEREST IN PEOPLE'S HEALTH, "BUT WE BELIEVE THE PRODUCTS WE MAKE ARE NOT INJURIOUS TO HEALTH." -
Big Tobacco created THE COUNCIL FOR TOBACCO RESEARCH--
THE PURPOSE OF THE ORGANIZATION THE COUNCIL FOR TOBACCO RESEARCH-- WAS TO DISTRACT PEOPLE FROM THE REAL ISSUE TO ENABLE THE INDUSTRY TO SAY, WE'RE STUDYING THE PROBLEM.THE MONEY WE'RE GIVING FOR TOBACCO HEALTH RESEARCH. AND WHEN WE FINALLY COME UP WITH AN ANSWER, WE'LL LET YOU KNOW. FOR THE NEXT 40 YEARS, THEY SAID, WE HAVE NO EVIDENCE THERE'S ANY TOBACCO HAZARDS. WE'RE STUDYING THIS PROBLEM. IT NEEDS MORE RESEARCH. WE NEED TO MAKE SURE IT'S BASED ON SOUND SCIENCE. -
1950's evidence in memo that THAT THEY CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT SMOKING CAUSED CANCER
FOUND THE EVIDENCE THAT THEY CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT SMOKING CAUSED CANCER IN THE EARLY '50s. T -
FAMOUS MEMORANDUM FROM ADDISON YEAMAN, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG."
THERE'S A VERY FAMOUS MEMORANDUM FROM ADDISON YEAMAN, WHO WAS THE HEAD LAWYER AT BROWN AND WILLIAMSON TOBACCO, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG." -
'50s and '60s, biochemical and animal studies provided compelling supporting evidence. R
Throughout the '50s and '60s, biochemical and animal studies provided compelling supporting evidence. Researchers painted tar on mouse skin and rabbit ears, causing cancerous tumors to develop. They also identified carcinogens in tobacco smoke. -
strategic advertising that featured doctors' endorsements and claims of being less irritating to consumers' throats.
Rich, powerful tobacco companies did not ignore the growing evidence that cigarettes posed a serious risk to health. Instead, they set out to reassure the American public that their brands were safe through strategic advertising that featured doctors' endorsements and claims of being less irritating to consumers' throats. -
TOBACCO COMPANIES HAD ALREADY WELL ESTABLISHED A COUPLE OF YEARS EARLIER THAT NICOTINE WAS AN ADDICTIVE DRUG.
IT TURNS OUT THAT THE TOBACCO COMPANIES HAD ALREADY WELL ESTABLISHED A COUPLE OF YEARS EARLIER THAT NICOTINE WAS AN ADDICTIVE DRUG. THERE'S A VERY FAMOUS MEMORANDUM FROM ADDISON YEAMAN, WHO WAS THE HEAD LAWYER AT BROWN AND WILLIAMSON TOBACCO, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG."
AND ALL OF THIS RESEARCH ON NICOTINE ADDICTION, WHICH THE TOBACCO COMPANIES HAD SECRETLY DONE, WAS ALL WITHHELD FROM THE SURGEON GENERAL'S COMMITTEE. -
In 1962, the Surgeon General assembled an Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health.
In 1962, the Surgeon General assembled an Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. The goal was to take on the question of causation. Its task was formidable-- to review more than 6,000 studies on smoking. Based on predetermined criteria, the committee concluded that the association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was found in many studies with many different groups of people. -
MEMO FROM ADDISON YEAMAN AT BROWN & WILLIAMSON, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG,"
: THESE WERE DOCUMENTS BETWEEN THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL EXECUTIVES, THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL SCIENTISTS, THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL LAWYERS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS PEOPLE, AND THEY WERE VERY, VERY FRANK. IN THERE, WE FOUND THE MEMO FROM ADDISON YEAMAN AT BROWN & WILLIAMSON, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG," IN 1963. -
U.S. SURGEON GENERAL report in THAT CIGARETTE SMOKING CONTRIBUTES SUBSTANTIALLY TO MORTALITY FROM CERTAIN SPECIFIC DISEASES AND TO THE OVERALL DEATH RATE.
ALMOST TEN YEARS PASSED BEFORE THE U.S. SURGEON GENERAL UNEQUIVOCALLY STATED THE DANGERS OF SMOKING IN AN EXTENSIVE REPORT IN 1964 ON SMOKING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. IN VIEW OF THE CONTINUING AND MOUNTING EVIDENCE FROM MANY SOURCES, IT IS THE JUDGMENT OF THE COMMITTEE THAT CIGARETTE SMOKING CONTRIBUTES SUBSTANTIALLY TO MORTALITY FROM CERTAIN SPECIFIC DISEASES AND TO THE OVERALL DEATH RATE. DUE TO THE REPORT, THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY WAS NOW REQUIRED TO WARN CONSUMERS OF THE DANGERS OF TOBACCO. -
Surgeon General's reportThe scientific consensus was in. Smoking does cause lung cancer.
In the wake of the Surgeon General's report, millions of Americans quit smoking. Congress passed a law requiring warnings on cigarette packs. And the anti-smoking movement as we know it was born.
The scientific consensus was in. Smoking does cause lung cancer. -
In the wake of the Surgeon General's report, millions of Americans quit smoking
In the wake of the Surgeon General's report, millions of Americans quit smoking -
SINCE 1965, EVERY PACKET OF CIGARETTES IN THE U.S. MUST STATE: "SMOKING CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH."
DUE TO THE REPORT, THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY WAS NOW REQUIRED TO WARN CONSUMERS OF THE DANGERS OF TOBACCO. SINCE 1965, EVERY PACKET OF CIGARETTES IN THE U.S. MUST STATE: "SMOKING CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH." HOWEVER, ONE QUESTION WHICH BECOMES VERY SIGNIFICANT LATER, WAS ANSWERED BY THE SURGEON GENERAL IN CAREFULLY CHOSEN PHRASES. -
Marlboro STARTS ADDING AMMONIA to leaves during processing to speed delivery and create more adiction
Narrator: FOR THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY, THE AMOUNT OF NICOTINE IN CIGARETTES WAS THE KEY TO CONTINUING SALES. THEY REALIZED THAT IF ITS CONTENT WAS DIMINISHED, PEOPLE WOULD BE LESS ADDICTED AND EVENTUALLY QUIT. -
THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY RESPONDS TO Japanese study WITH A MASSIVE CAMPAIGN, SAYING THE SCIENCE IS NO GOOD.
THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY RESPONDS TO THIS WITH A MASSIVE CAMPAIGN, SAYING THE SCIENCE IS NO GOOD. SET UP THE CENTER FOR INDOOR AIR RESEARCH TO THWART THESE CLAIMS. TRIED TO REDISTRIBUTE THE BLAME THE PROBLEM IS NOT WITH OTHER PEOPLE'S SMOKE, WITH BAD VENTILATION.THE BUILDINGS ARE SICK, AND THEY INVENT "SICK BUILDING SYNDROME," BECAUSE THIS WAS A REALLY CRUCIAL POLITICAL ISSUE FOR THEM. IT WAS ONE THING IF SMOKERS WERE KILLING THEMSELVES. IT'S SOMETHING ELSE IF SMOKERS ARE KILLING OTHER PEOPLE. -
causation proved but not to smokers
So you have carcinogen in tobacco smoke. It is proved to be carcinogenic to animal tissue. It is highly correlated in retrospective and prospective studies in respect to cancer of the lung in humans.
And that was more than sufficient to establish tobacco smoke as a cause of lung cancer and, subsequently, other cancers in humans. -
Surgeon General's report concluded NICOTINE AND SMOKING WEREN'T ADDICTIVE, THEY WERE JUST "HABITS." (They did not have the Tobacco Industries reports on adiction
ONE OF THE CONCLUSIONS WAS THAT NICOTINE AND SMOKING WEREN'T ADDICTIVE, THEY WERE JUST "HABITS." -
IN THE U.S., CIGARETTES WERE THE MOST ADVERTISED PRODUCT ON RADIO AND TELEVISION, BUT IN THE LATE '60s, THE INDUSTRY BEGAN MEETING OPPOSITION, AND A SO-CALLED "FAIRNESS DOCTRINE" LAW FORCED TV STATIONS TO PROVIDE FREE TIME FOR ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGNS.
... IN THE U.S., CIGARETTES WERE THE MOST ADVERTISED PRODUCT ON RADIO AND TELEVISION, BUT IN THE LATE '60s, THE INDUSTRY BEGAN MEETING OPPOSITION, AND A SO-CALLED "FAIRNESS DOCTRINE" IN AMERICAN LAW FORCED TV STATIONS TO PROVIDE FREE ADVERTISING TIME FOR ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGNS. -
ANTI-SMOKING ADVERTISING RUN NATIONALLY contributes to FIRST LONG, CONTINUED DROP IN CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION.
FOR A FEW YEARS, THERE WAS A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF ANTI-SMOKING ADVERTISING RUN NATIONALLY, AND EVEN THOUGH THE TOBACCO COMPANIES WERE RUNNING THREE TIMES AS MUCH ADVERTISING AS THE HEALTH MESSAGE WAS, THAT'S WHEN WE SAW THE FIRST LONG, CONTINUED DROP IN CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION. -
THE PROOF THAT SECONDHAND SMOKE CAN CAUSE LUNG CANCER GAVE RISE TO A STRONG ANTI-SMOKING MOVEMENT IN CALIFORNIA.
THE PROOF THAT SECONDHAND SMOKE CAN CAUSE LUNG CANCER GAVE RISE TO A STRONG ANTI-SMOKING MOVEMENT IN CALIFORNIA. AND AS ONE OF THE FIRST STATES TO DO SO, CALIFORNIA INTRODUCED STRICT RULES CONCERNING SMOKING IN WORKPLACES, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH LAUNCHED A MASSIVE CAMPAIGN. -
HE PERCENTAGE OF SMOKERS FELL FROM 26% TO 16%. THE PRESSURE ON THE INDUSTRY INCREASED, AND SEVERAL AMERICAN STATES PROHIBITED SMOKING IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND RESTAURANTS.
Narrator: THE CAMPAIGN IN CALIFORNIA HAD AN ENORMOUS EFFECT. IN ITS 14-MONTH DURATION, THE PERCENTAGE OF SMOKERS FELL FROM 26% TO 16%. THE PRESSURE ON THE INDUSTRY INCREASED, AND SEVERAL AMERICAN STATES PROHIBITED SMOKING IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND RESTAURANTS. -
THE TOBACCO COMPANIES asked TO BAN CIGARETTE ADVERTISING ON RADIO AND TELEVISION
THE TOBACCO COMPANIES REALIZED THESE ADS WERE KILLING THEM, AND SO THE TOBACCO COMPANIES WENT TO CONGRESS AND SAID, OKAY, WE WANT YOU TO BAN CIGARETTE ADVERTISING ON RADIO AND TELEVISION. MOST PEOPLE THINK THAT WAS A VICTORY FOR THE HEALTH GROUPS, BUT IT WAS ACTUALLY A DEFEAT, BECAUSE IT KNOCKED ALL THE ANTI-SMOKING ADS OFF THE AIR FOR DECADES. -
Smoking ad ban was tobacco victory BECAUSE IT KNOCKED ALL THE ANTI-SMOKING ADS OFF THE AIR FOR DECADES.
THE TOBACCO COMPANIES REALIZED THESE ADS WERE KILLING THEM, AND SO THE TOBACCO COMPANIES WENT TO CONGRESS AND SAID, OKAY, WE WANT YOU TO BAN CIGARETTE ADVERTISING ON RADIO AND TELEVISION. MOST PEOPLE THINK THAT WAS A VICTORY FOR THE HEALTH GROUPS, BUT IT WAS ACTUALLY A DEFEAT, BECAUSE IT KNOCKED ALL THE ANTI-SMOKING ADS OFF THE AIR FOR DECADES. -
1963 MEMO found FROM ADDISON YEAMAN AT BROWN & WILLIAMSON, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG,
WE FOUND THE MEMO FROM ADDISON YEAMAN AT BROWN & WILLIAMSON, SAYING, "WE'RE IN THE BUSINESS OF SELLING NICOTINE, AN ADDICTIVE DRUG," IN 1963. WE FOUND THE AGREEMENT WITH SYLVESTER STALLONE. TO SMOKE BROWN & WILLIAMSON PRODUCTS IN SEVERAL OF HIS MOVIES FOR $500,000. WE FOUND THE EVIDENCE THAT THEY CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT SMOKING CAUSED CANCER IN THE EARLY '50s. THERE WERE THE PAPERS ABOUT SMOKER COMPENSATION IN ENGINEERING CIGARETTES. -
Tobacco uses PRODUCT PLACEMENT in movies to advertise
EVEN THOUGH TOBACCO ADS ARE PROHIBITED ON TV, CIGARETTES ARE STILL SHOWN ON THE SCREEN AS AN INSISTENT INDUSTRY FINDS NEW WAYS OF PROMOTING THEIR PRODUCTS. IT WAS REALLY THE TOBACCO COMPANIES WHO PIONEERED THE IDEA OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT. AND THEY PAID, FOR EXAMPLE, SYLVESTER STALLONE, TO SMOKE IN SEVERAL OF HIS MOVIES. -
"JOE CAMEL," WITH HIGHLY VISUAL ADS THAT APPEALED TO YOUNG PEOPLE. ISMOKING OF CAMEL CIGARETTES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE INCREASED.
... A MARLBORO AD. PERHAPS THE MOST EGREGIOUS EXAMPLE OF TARGETING THE CHILDREN WAS WHEN R.J. REYNOLDS INTRODUCED A CARTOON CHARACTER NAMED "JOE CAMEL," WITH HIGHLY VISUAL ADS THAT APPEALED TO YOUNG PEOPLE. IT'S NOT SURPRISING THAT ALMOST IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE JOE CAMEL CARTOON CHARACTER, SMOKING OF CAMEL CIGARETTES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE INCREASED. -
FACT THAT THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY KNOWS, AT LEAST IN THE UNITED STATES, 90% OF ALL NEW, LONG-TERM SMOKERS START AS CHILDREN.
THE CARTOON CHARACTER, JOE CAMEL, BECAME BETTER KNOWN AMONG AMERICAN CHILDREN THAN MICKEY MOUSE, AND IN JUST FOUR SHORT YEARS, CAMEL'S MARKET SHARE AMONGST YOUNG PEOPLE ROSE FROM ONE HALF OF A PERCENT...TO 32%. THE SAD STORY IS THE FACT THAT THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY KNOWS, AT LEAST IN THE UNITED STATES, 90% OF ALL NEW, LONG-TERM SMOKERS START AS CHILDREN. AND THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY KNOWS THAT IF THEY DON'T HOOK THEM AS KIDS, THEY WON'T HOOK THEM AS ADULTS. THEIR MARKETING REFLECTS THAT. -
A MAJOR TURNING POINT TOOK PLACE IN 1981..PUBLISHED A STUDY IN THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL SAYING, "NONSMOKING WOMEN MARRIED TO MEN WHO SMOKE "HAD A HIGHER RISK OF LUNG CANCER T
: A MAJOR TURNING POINT TOOK PLACE IN 1981, WHEN TAKESHI HIRAYAMA IN JAPAN PUBLISHED A STUDY IN THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL SAYING, "NONSMOKING WOMEN MARRIED TO MEN WHO SMOKE "HAD A HIGHER RISK OF LUNG CANCER THAN NONSMOKING WOMEN MARRIED TO NONSMOKING MEN." -
ban on tobacco advertising after memos exposed
MORE THAN ANYTHING, THE EXPOSURE OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY'S SECRET KNOWLEDGE CONTRIBUTED TO MAKING THE RESTRICTIONS MORE STRINGENT-- WITH A BAN ON ADVERTISING,
THE INTRODUCTION OF SMOKE-FREE WORKPLACES, ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGNS AND HIGHER TAXATION-- ALL EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENTED BY THE HEALTH AUTHORITIES. IN THE U.S., THE CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO PEAKED IN THE EARLY '80s, AND OVER THE NEXT TEN YEARS, ALSO FELL IN MOST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. -
TELL PEOPLE THAT SMOKING IS BAD, I WANT TO TELL THEM IT'S THE CIGARETTE COMPANIES THAT ARE BAD.
WE HAD PEOPLE IN THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT-- A FELLOW, IN PARTICULAR, NAMED DILEEP BAL-- WHO WAS A VISIONARY, AND WHO SAID, I'M NOT JUST GONNA TELL PEOPLE-- THIS IS IN 1988-89-- I'M NOT JUST GONNA TELL PEOPLE THAT SMOKING IS BAD, I WANT TO TELL THEM IT'S THE CIGARETTE COMPANIES THAT ARE BAD. GENTLEMEN, THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY HAS A VERY SERIOUS MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR PROBLEM: WE NEED MORE CIGARETTE SMOKERS, PURE AND SIMPLE. -
CALIFORNIA ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGN IN 1990 shows tobacco execs laughing about health issues
TOBACCO HAS A VERY SERIOUS BILLION DOLLAR PROBLEM: WE NEED MORE CIGARETTE SMOKERS,
D RUN IN THE CALIFORNIA ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGN IN 1990. IT SHOWED A GROUP OF PEOPLE LAUGHING ABOUT ADDICTING PEOPLE. SO FORGET ABOUT ALL THAT HEART DISEASE, WE'RE NOT IN THIS BUSINESS FOR OUR HEALTH.
( all laughing ) RADICAL DEPARTURE FROM ANYTHING THAT HAD EVER BEEN DONE BEFORE, IDEA OF THE CALIFORNIA CAMPAIGN WAS 3 MESSAGES: THE TOBACCO COMPANIES LIE, NICOTINE IS ADDICTIVE, AND SECONDHAND SMOKE KILLS. -
Congress hearing with tobacco execs 30-SECOND SPOT HERE IN CALIFORNIA, THAT WAS USED IN THEIR ANT-SMOKING EDUCATION PROGRAM.
PLEASE CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BE UNDER OATH. UNDERMINING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY IS A TREMENDOUSLY IMPORTANT PART OF THE TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM. THAT AD, THAT HEARING WAS CONVERTED INTO A 30-SECOND SPOT HERE IN CALIFORNIA, THAT WAS USED IN THEIR ANT-SMOKING EDUCATION PROGRAM. -
, EASTERN EUROPE OFFERED AN ATTRACTIVE MARKET FOR THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY,
AFTER THE DEMISE OF THE IRON CURTAIN, EASTERN EUROPE OFFERED AN ATTRACTIVE MARKET FOR THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY, WHERE AGGRESSIVE MARKETING ESPECIALLY, APPEALS TO YOUNG EASTERN EUROPEANS. AFTER MARLBOROS WERE LAUNCHED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, THE NUMBER OF 15-TO-16-YEAR-OLD SMOKERS INCREASED BY 40%. T
IT IS AN EPIDEMIC BECAUSE TOBACCO CONSUMPTION IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE DEATH, AND IS THE SECOND CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE. AND AS LONG AS IT IS STILL EXPANDING, THIS IS AN EPIDEMIC. -
THEN IN 1994, DURING A CONGRESSIONAL HEARING HELD TO CLARIFY LEGISLATION ON TOBACCO, THE INDUSTRY SUFFERED ITS MOST SERIOUS DEFEAT. PLEASE CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BE UNDER OATH.
THEN IN 1994, DURING A CONGRESSIONAL HEARING HELD TO CLARIFY LEGISLATION ON TOBACCO, THE INDUSTRY SUFFERED ITS MOST SERIOUS DEFEAT. PLEASE CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BE UNDER OATH. Narrator: DURING THE HEARING, SEVEN EXECUTIVES FROM THE INDUSTRY WERE ASKED WHETHER THEY WOULD ACKNOWLEDGE THAT NICOTINE WAS ADDICTIVE-- AS INDEED THEY HAD DONE SECRETLY 25 YEARS EARLIER. YES OR NO. DO YOU BELIEVE NICOTINE IS NOT ADDICTIVE? I BELIEVE NICOTINE IS NOT ADDICTIVE. -
FOR SEVERAL YEARS, AN EMPLOYEE OF THE AMERICAN TOBACCO MANUFACTURER, BROWN & WILLIAMSON, HAS PHOTOCOPIED THOUSANDS OF SECRET DOCUMENTS.
SHORTLY AFTER THE CONGRESSIONAL HEARING, ANOTHER CASE WHICH QUESTIONED THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY'S CREDIBILITY WAS BROUGHT FORWARD. FOR SEVERAL YEARS, AN EMPLOYEE OF THE AMERICAN TOBACCO MANUFACTURER, BROWN & WILLIAMSON, HAS PHOTOCOPIED THOUSANDS OF SECRET DOCUMENTS.
Glanz: THESE WERE DOCUMENTS BETWEEN THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL EXECUTIVES, THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL SCIENTISTS, THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL LAWYERS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS PEOPLE, AND THEY WERE VERY, VERY FRANK. I -
FOUND THE EVIDENCE THAT THEY CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT SMOKING CAUSED CANCER IN THE EARLY '50s. T
. WE FOUND THE EVIDENCE THAT THEY CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT SMOKING CAUSED CANCER IN THE EARLY '50s. THERE WERE THE PAPERS ABOUT SMOKER COMPENSATION IN ENGINEERING CIGARETTES. AND IT WAS JUST AMAZING... LOOKING INSIDE. IT WAS LIKE BEING LED INTO HITLER'S BUNKER IN WORLD WAR II. -
AGREEMENT WITH SYLVESTER STALLONE. TO SMOKE BROWN & WILLIAMSON PRODUCTS IN SEVERAL OF HIS MOVIES FOR $500,000.
WE FOUND THE AGREEMENT WITH SYLVESTER STALLONE. TO SMOKE BROWN & WILLIAMSON PRODUCTS IN SEVERAL OF HIS MOVIES FOR $500,000. -
THE INTRODUCTION OF SMOKE-FREE WORKPLACES, ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGNS AND HIGHER TAXATION-- ALL EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENTED BY THE HEALTH AUTHORITIES. IN THE U.S.,
THE INTRODUCTION OF SMOKE-FREE WORKPLACES, ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGNS AND HIGHER TAXATION-- ALL EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENTED BY THE HEALTH AUTHORITIES. IN THE U.S., -
Tobacco marketing turns to China
CHINA IS BEING DESCRIBED AS A GIGANTIC MARKET. CHINA SMOKES A THIRD OF THE WORLD'S CIGARETTES. JAPAN SMOKES. ASIA IS GROWING VERY RAPIDLY. BY WORLD WAR II, THERE WERE VERY FEW CIGARETTES STILL SMOKED IN INDIA. NOW THEY SMOKE MANY, MANY HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS. SO THE RECOGNITION IS THAT THERE ARE GOING TO BE MARKETS OUTSIDE THE DEVELOPED WORLD. AFRICA, EASTERN EUROPE, ASIA-- THESE ARE ALL MARKETS THE INDUSTRY IS HEADING FOR VERY, VERY HARD. -
MAGE OF SMOKING. THEY ARE PRODUCING AN IMAGE OF SMOKING, WHICH IS SAFE, SEXY, EVEN RISKY. RISKY IN A GOOD WAY,
THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY IS PRODUCING NOT JUST CIGARETTES, BUT AN IMAGE OF SMOKING. THEY ARE PRODUCING AN IMAGE OF SMOKING, WHICH IS SAFE, SEXY, EVEN RISKY. RISKY IN A GOOD WAY, LIKE BUNGEE JUMPING OR SKYDIVING. THIS, YOU HAVE TO REALIZE, IS THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN IN MODERN HISTORY. IT'S MANAGED TO CONVINCE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE THAT SMOKING IS ACCEPTABLE, THAT IT'S SAFE, THAT IT'S DESIRABLE, THAT IT'S ATTRACTIVE, AND IT'S GOING TO BE SUCCESSFUL FOR A LONG, LONG TIME. -
It came from Mars
: IF SOMEONE CAME DOWN FROM MARS TODAY AND SAID, I HAVE A NEW PRODUCT THAT WILL KILL FIVE MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD--IT'S ADDICTIVE. MOST PEOPLE WILL START USING IT WHEN THEY ARE KIDS, BEFORE THEY REALLY UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON, AND WE CAN MAKE A LOT OF MONEY, NO GOVERNMENT IN THE WORLD WOULD ALLOW THEM TO DO THAT. NO GOVERNMENT IN THE WORLD WOULD ALLOW THEM TO MARKET IT. -
The public seems to be getting the message too. Under 20% of Americans smoke these days. That's less than half the proportion who did at smoking's peak back in the 20th century.
Now you can see just how hard it is to prove causation when direct experiments aren't possible.
Here, the non-experimental evidence is about as strong as it gets. The public seems to be getting the message too. Under 20% of Americans smoke these days. That's less than half the proportion who did at smoking's peak back in the 20th century.