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(384-322 b.c) Aristotle thought according, sun, moon and stars traveled in separate spheres. He proved that the earth is spherical and believed that the earth is in the center of the universe.
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(190-120 b.c)Hipparchus he discovered the precession of earth's rotation axis and calculate the length of a year, and measure between the distance from the moon and earth, and the first catalogue of stars.
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(100-170)Ptolemy model/ geocentric, earth was center of universe, geo = earth, centric = around you. He wrote a book called “Elm I Guess”.
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Copernicus was an astronomer and instead of placing the Earth in the center of the universe, he placed the sun in the middle of the universe.
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(1546-1601) Tycho Brache expanded on the idea of heliocentric but most people believed that it was geocentric. He believed that the earth was immobile and the moon and the rest of the planets revolved around the sun.
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(1564- 1642) Galileo was from Italy and discovered the four moons of jupiter, the moons are io, europa, ganymede, callisto. he discovered the first telescopes. he also found that the sun has dark spots on the sun. also the universe does not have any invisible spheres around it.
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Johannes Kepler made the Kepler law. Keplers laws was describing the motion of the planets in a sun centered system. He was Tycho Brache assistant, he also came up wth elliptical way that the planets travel. he believed there is a focus.
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Hans Lippershey was a lens maker when he was making these, he used them to glass of the telescope with 3x magnification.
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Refracting Telescope is using a converting lens to collect light. The first refracting telescope was built in 1608. It is different from reflecting because it is to look at large diameter.
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Giovanni Cassini found out that the divisions of rings of saturn and that there are several rings inside.
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Sir Issac Newton came up with optics. motions, mathematics, created laws of motion and theory of gravity, he proved light and color.
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The reflecting telescope is which a mirror is to collect and focus light. it was built in 1668 and the difference is refracting is like a long camera lens.
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William Hershel observed the nebulas and star clusters and realized it over time. he realized the different colors of sunlight passing through a prism.
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Percival Lowell did a fuel speculation and thought that there were canals on Mars. He also discovered Pluto.
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Ejnar Hertzsprung developed the hertz sprung-russell diagram which was to categorize the brightness and color of stars.
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Albert Einstein created the created the theory of gravity and also the theory of relativity.
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Edwin Hubble found cosmos and observational cosmology. he came up with big bang theory. he also had the theory of that the universe is expanding and the galaxies are moving away from each other.
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Karl Jansky found out that radio waves enamanting from the milky way. also founding figures of radio astronomy . Radio waves are the largest type of sound waves.
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John glenn was the first american to orbit the earth three times. He flew again when he was 77 and became the oldest to fly in space.
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Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk the moon and safely come back.
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Yuri Gagarin was the first human to journey into outer space when his spacecraft around earth. he became first person to travel around earth.
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Sputnik was the first artificial satellite and was made from Russia. so russia was ahead of the game. That was the beginning of satellite history.
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Apollo mission is trying to bring people to the moon and back. The missions that made is back was 11,12,14,15,16,17. The one that failed was 13.
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First Space Shuttle flight was the fourth human spaceflight by NASA. It was to orbit the earth with the crew and cargo.
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Mars Pathfinder was the first robotic rover to go across mars, the rover weighed 23 pounds. it was to analyze everything on it and in the ari.
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Cassini-Huygens was a spacecraft and it was to collaboration between Nasa and European Agency and it was to probe to study the panel saturn like its ring and natural satellites.
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SpaceX created a partially reusable launch device for space shuttles. The cost for launch for expendable is $150M. The height is 230 feet and 40 feet wide.
