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5000 BCE
Japan
Motifs. Naturalistic, geometric, and figurative motifs embellish surface designs. flowers -cherry blossom, the iris, the chrysanthemum, and wisteria along with bamboo leaves, birds, waves, and whirlpool designs. Geometric designs are stripes, grids, swirls, latticework, and frets. men and women in traditional dress. The family crest, a highly stylized design appearing in art and on clothing, often develops within a circular form that may also evolve into a decorative repeat pattern. -
Period: 5000 BCE to
Japan architecture
natural environments. axiality and hierarchy. asymmetry, and contrasts dominate: simple versus ornate, traditional in relation to new, logical as opposed to contradictory.
Public buildings include shrines, temples, pagodas, and shops. Typical domestic building types include noble residences, palaces or castles, townhouses, besso (country houses), and farmhouses. houses are constructed so they are easy to rebuild.
Gardens with Small stones comprise the paths. -
4500 BCE
Egypt
motifs- motifs-Geometric or stylized naturalistic designs the lotus, the papyrus, and palm; hieroglyphics, the sun disk and vulture, and the sacred beetle or scarab. The Egyptians introduce the guilloche, spiral, palmette, and wave patterns -
Period: 4500 BCE to 332 BCE
Egypt architecture
Simplicity, order, balance, stylization, and formality convey monumentality and a sense of eternity.
visual metaphors for the power, majesty, and might of rulers and gods. Important features include hieroglyphics, the post or column, and nature-inspired motifs. -
Period: 4500 BCE to 180
Antiquity
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2500 BCE
famous Egypt architecture
The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature.Facing directly from west to east, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. The face of the Sphinx appears to represent the pharaoh Khafre. -
1000 BCE
Greece
Motifs. Ornamental motifs, derived from nature include the acanthus leaf, anthemion, palmette, wave, antefix, honeysuckle, rosette, scroll, and rinceau. Ones created from geometry are the fret or Greek key, guilloche, dentil, egg and dart, and swastika. Mythical beasts, such as the sphinx, griffin, and chimera, are also important. -
Period: 1000 BCE to 146 BCE
Greece architecture
three separate orders: the Doric Order, the Ionic Order, and the Corinthian Order. All three styles have had a profound impact on Western architecture of later periods.
Greek architecture is known for tall columns, intricate detail, symmetry, harmony, and balance. The Greeks built all sorts of buildings. The main examples of Greek architecture that survive today are the large temples that they built to their gods. -
509 BCE
Rome
Motifs. Ornamental motifs, derived from nature include the acanthus leaf, anthemion, palmette, wave, antefix, honeysuckle, rosette, scroll, and rinceau. Ones created from geometry are the fret or Greek key, guilloche, dentil, egg and dart, and swastika. Mythical beasts, such as the sphinx, griffin, and chimera, are also important. -
Period: 509 BCE to 180
Roman architecture
Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture.
Laid in the shape of arches, vaults and domes, it quickly hardened into a rigid mass, free from many of the internal thrusts and strains that troubled the builders of similar structures in stone or brick. -
70 BCE
famous Roman architecture
the massive stone amphitheater known as the Colosseum was commissioned around A.D. 70-72 by Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty as a gift to the Roman people. -
5 BCE
famous Greek architecture
Parthenon, Athens
This masterpiece of ancient Greek architecture dates back to the 5th century B.C. and was erected as a temple of the Greek goddess Athena Parthenos as part of the Acropolis. The imposing structure features eight columns on the east and west, and 17 columns on its north and south sides (the building measures 101 feet by 228 feet). -
200
Middle Ages- early christian
Motifs. The cross is the main symbol; others are the fish, dove, and lamb. The Greek letters chi (X) and rho (P) form the monogram of Christ. Other common images include Christ, shepherds and sheep representing Christ the Good Shepherd, Mary (the mother of Christ), and the apostles and various saints. -
Period: 200 to 600
Early Christian architecture
The Early Christians, as Roman craftsmen, continued old Roman traditions Utilized as far as possible the materials from Roman temples which had become useless for their original purpose for their new buildings. Their churches, modeled on Roman basilicas, used old columns which by various devices were brought to a uniform height. Early Christian buildings hardly have the architectural value of a style produced by the solution of constructive problems. -
Period: 300 to 1500
Middle Ages
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306
Famous Christian architecture
Rotunda of Galerius, later a Christian church, and afterwards a mosque. Today it is known as the Church of the Rotunda, 4th century CE, Thessaloniki, Greece (photo: George M. Groutas, CC BY 2.0) -
330
Byzantine
Motifs. include images of Christ, Mary, the apostles, rulers, and various saints, as well as foliage, frets, waves, geometric designs, guilloches, lozenges, rosettes, and animals including eagles, lions, lambs, and elephants. -
Period: 330 to 1453
Byzantine architecture
style of building that flourished under the rule of Roman Emperor. In addition to extensive use of interior mosaics, its defining characteristic is a heightened dome.
Byzantine architects were eclectic, at first drawing heavily on Roman temple features. Their combination of the basilica and symmetrical central-plan religious structures resulted in the characteristic Byzantine Greek-cross-plan church, with a square central mass and four arms of equal length. -
537
famous Byzantine architecture
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. The church was built in AD 537, during the reign of Justinian. Minarets were added in the 15th-16th centuries by the Ottoman Empire. -
600
Middle Ages- Islamic
Motifs. Common motifs are meanders, stars, swastikas, frets, rosettes, vines, scrolls, palm leaves, tendrils, and calligraphy. -
Period: 600 to
Islamic architecture
new elements -cylindrical minarets, muqarnas, arabesque, multifoil were invented. The principal Islamic architectural types for large or public buildings are: the mosque, the tomb, the palace, and the fort.
Some characteristics of Islamic architecture were inherited from pre-Islamic architecture of that region while some characteristics like minarets, muqarnas, arabesque, Islamic geometric motifs, pointed arch, multifoil arch, onion dome and pointed dome developed later. -
700
Romanesque
Motifs. Important motifsinclude the round arch, figures, corbel tables, animals, grotesques and fantastic figures, foliage, heraldic devices, linen-fold, zigzags, lozenges, and geometric forms. Molding designs include the zigzag, star, billet, and lozenge. -
Period: 700 to 1150
Romanesque architecture
Architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. The style can be identified right across Europe, despite regional characteristics and different materials. Many castles were built during this period, but they are greatly outnumbered by churches.
Rounded arches, Thick walls, buttresses. Small windows. Horizontal, modest height. Exterior: Plain, little decoration, soli. Sculptural decoration: Thin, elongated, abstract figures. mood- Dark, gloomy. -
1063
famous Romanesque architecture
Pisa Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta; Duomo di Pisa) is a medieval Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, in the Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa, Italy. It is a notable example of Romanesque architecture, in particular the style known as Pisan Romanesque.[1] It is the seat of the Archbishop of Pisa.
Built in 1063 -
1100
Oriental
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1100
China
Motifs. lions, tiger, dragons, the phoenix, fret, the lotus (purity), clouds, fruits, peonies and bamboo chrysanthemums, the shou (long life), and calligraphy. the bat (happiness—five bats-the Five Blessings—longevity, wealth, serenity, virtue, and an easy death), the pine or evergreen, the stork, and the tortoise (longevity). The eight Immortals are a Tao symbol. The flaming wheel, the endless knot (ch’ang), and state umbrella (san) are Buddhist emblems. -
1100
China Architecture
Ancient Chinese architecture is mainly timberwork. Wooden posts, beams, lintels and joists make up the framework of a house. Walls serve as the separation of rooms without bearing the weight of the whole house, which is unique to China. Colored glaze roofs, windows with exquisite applique design and beautiful flower patterns on wooden pillars reflect the high-level of the craftsmen's handicraft and their rich imagination. -
1150
Gothic
Motifs. include heraldic devices, the pointed arch, trefoils, quatrefoils, cinquefoils, fantastic figures such as gargoyles or dwarfs, birds, foliage, oak leaves, crockets, and linenfold. Some geometric shapes, such as lozenges or zigzags, continue from the Romanesque period. -
Period: 1150 to 1550
Gothic Architecture
a pan-European style. It is usually characterized as a style of masonry building that makes heavy use of cavernous spaces with walls broken up by overlaid tracery, Typical architectural features include: Rib vaults. Flying buttresses.
While the Gothic style can vary according to location, age, and type of building, it is often characterized by 5 key architectural elements: large stained glass windows, pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and ornate decoration. -
1200
famous Gothic architecture
Amiens Cathedral, France
Built 13th century
The Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens (French: Basilique Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens), or simply Amiens Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church. The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Amiens. It is situated on a slight ridge overlooking the River Somme in Amiens, the administrative capital of the Picardy region of France, some 120 kilometres (75 miles) north of Paris. -
1397
Japan famous architecture
Kinkaku-ji, Kyoto, originally built in 1397 (Muromachi period)
The site of Kinkaku-ji was originally a villa called Kitayama-dai (北山第), belonging to a powerful statesman, Saionji Kintsune.[5] Kinkaku-ji's history dates to 1397, when the villa was purchased from the Saionji family by shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and transformed into the Kinkaku-ji complex.[5] When Yoshimitsu died the building was converted into a Zen temple by his son, according to his wishes. -
1400
Italian Renaissance
Classical motifs are used extensively as embellishment and include columns, pediments, moldings, the classical figure, cherub, swag, rinceau, rosette, scroll, cartouche, and geometric patterns. -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance
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Period: 1400 to
Italian Renaissance architecture
The European architecture, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
Features of Renaissance buildings include the use of the classical orders and mathematically precise ratios of height and width combined with a desire for symmetry, proportion, and harmony. Columns, pediments, arches and domes are imaginatively used in buildings of all types. -
1406
famous Chinese architecture
The Forbidden City in the center of Beijing is the largest and most complete imperial palace and ancient building complex in China.
It was built between 1406 and 1420 during the Ming Dynasty. -
1480
Spanish Renaissance
Moorish motifs-ogee arches, interlaced arabesques, and geometric shapes. heraldic symbols, pointed arches, pinnacles, and crockets. Decorated pediments, pilasters, baluster columns, and grotesques distinguish Renaissance Plateresque. Classical-style decoration copies Italian Renaissance- columns, pilasters, pediments, medallions, stylized leaves and flowers, scrolls, fretwork, shells, and figures. -
Period: 1480 to
Spanish renaissance architecture
It was a transition between Gothic and Renaissance. Its decoration was a combination of Moorish, Gothic, and Renaissance elements. The Spanish Renaissance entered a more Italian like phase in the 16th century.
The primary features of 16th century structures, which fused classical Roman technique with Renaissance aesthetics , were based in several foundational architectural concepts: facades, columns and pilasters , arches , vaults , domes , windows, and walls. -
1485
English Renaissance
Motifs. Tudor roses, heraldic symbols, strapwork, roundels, portrait busts, arabesques, grotesques, obelisks, caryatids, cabochons, acanthus, and vines. Interior paneling designs include linenfold, composite, and arcaded. Many are copied or adapted from pattern books. Architectural features vary in design during the period and gradually begin to include classical features such as columns, pilasters, and arcades. -
Period: 1485 to
English Renaissance architecture
The English Renaissance was characterized by a gradual increase in order, proportion, and regularity. English buildings more resembled French architecture than Italian. They had large windows, tall chimneys, and steeply pitched roofs facades, columns and pilasters , arches , vaults and domes. Elizabethan architecture was larger than architecture from the Tudor period. -
1486
famous Spanish renaissance architecture
The Palacio de Santa Cruz is an Early-Renaissance palace in Valladolid, in Castile and León, Spain. Construction began in 1486 but in 1490 building came under the control of Lorenzo Vázquez de Segovia who finally completed it in 1491. -
1506
famous Italian Renaissance architecture
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal enclave that is within the city of Rome.
Groundbreaking 18 April 1506 Completed 18 November 1626 -
1514
famous French Renaissance architecture
The Château de Chenonceau. is a French château spanning the River Cher, near the small village of Chenonceaux in the Indre-et-Loire département in the Loire Valley in France.
The current château was built in 1514–1522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later extended to span the river. The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, and the gallery on the bridge, built from 1570–1576 to designs by Jean Bullant. -
1515
French Renaissance
Motifs. pilasters, columns, arches, pediments, figures in low relief pinnacles, brackets, scrolls, linenfold, tracery, strapwork, grotesques, caryatids, fruit, flowers, heraldry, fleur de lis, stars, and diamonds . Crowns and initials, such as F, H, C, and L, [symbols of royalty], Additionally, French kings use animal motifs, such as the François I salamander and Louis XII porcupine, on entrances, overmantels, ceilings, and other places to identify their individual châteaux. -
Period: 1515 to
French Renaissance architecture
two distinct periods. During the first period, between about 1491 and 1540, the Italian style was copied directly, often by Italian architects and craftsmen. In the second period, between 1540 and the end of the Valois dynasty in 1589, French architects and craftsmen gave the style a more distinctive and original French character.
they value inventiveness over rules and rich surface decoration over proportions. more steeply pitched roofs, larger windows, and prominent chimneys. -
European Baroque
Motifs. Classical elements, such as pilasters and pediments, are common but are used more dynamically, even capriciously. Other motifs include colossal columns, C and S scrolls, shells, swags, flowers, figures, sculpture niches, and cartouches. Some Mannerist characteristics, such as pilasters that taper to the base, continue, particularly in Spain and Northern Europe. -
famous English Renaissance architecture
Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire is an architecturally significant country house from the Elizabethan era, a leading example of the Elizabethan prodigy house. Built between 1590 and 1597 for Bess of Hardwick, it was designed by the architect Robert Smythson, an exponent of the Renaissance style. -
Period: to
European Baroque
a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe. Took the basic elements of Renaissance architecture, including domes and colonnades, and made them higher, grander, more decorated, and more dramatic. Rich surface treatments, twisting elements, and gilded statuary. Architects unabashedly applied bright colours and illusory, vividly painted ceilings. -
American colonial
Motifs. Architecture and interiors are plain and unadorned but motifs for furniture include flowers, scrolls, strapwork, or geometric shapes. Typical William and Mary motifs are C and S scrolls, baluster shapes, and balls. -
Period: to
American colonial architecture
American colonial architecture includes several building design styles associated with the colonial period of the United States, including First Period English, French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, Dutch Colonial, and Georgian.
Colonial architecture characteristics include: Symmetrical front and rectangular shape. Two stories. A lean-to addition with a saltbox roof (basically where the roof in the back of the house extends almost all the way down to the ground- the shape of saltboxes in the time) -
Period: to
Baroque
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famous Islamic architecture
Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque (مسجد شیخ لطف الله) is one of the masterpieces of Iranian architecture that was built during the Safavid Empire, standing on the eastern side of Naqsh-i Jahan Square, Esfahan, Iran. Construction of the mosque started in 1603 and was finished in 1619. It was built by the chief architect Mohammadreza Isfahani, during the reign of Shah Abbas I of Persia. On the advice of Arthur Upham Pope, Reza Shah Pahlavi had the mosque rebuilt and repaired in the 1920. -
famous American colonial architecture
The Jonathan Corwin House in Salem, Massachusetts, known as The Witch House, was the home of Judge Jonathan Corwin (1640–1718) and is the only structure still standing in Salem with direct ties to the Salem witch trials of 1692, thought to be built between 1620 and 1642. Corwin bought it in 1675 when he was 35, and he lived there for more than 40 years. -
Louis XIV france
Motifs. Exteriors display classical architectural features such as columns, pediments, arches, balustrades, draped figures, niches, quoins, swags, and cartouches. Motifs at Versailles include intertwined Ls, sun faces, musical instruments, military symbols, fleur de lis, and crowns. Other details (Fig. 18-4) are acanthus leaves, cherubs, classical statues, cartouches, dolphins, Chinoiserie, singerie, pagodas, and landscapes. -
Period: to
Louis XIV france architecture
symmetry, classical order, monumental scale, and center emphasis. they remain relatively flat, although projecting units, especially toward the center, are common. At times dramatic and exciting, French Baroque exhibits dignity, masculinity, and vigorous, but restrained, ornament. Distinctive French features include pavilions, a projecting frontispiece with a pediment or a separate roof and sculptural ornament, and a tall hipped or mansard roof. -
English restoration
Motifs. Motifs include pediments, columns, pilasters, arches, C and S scrolls, fruits, flowers, shells, garlands, leaves, swags, acanthus, and urns. -
Period: to
English restoration architecture
Baroque influences, classical elements, large scale, symmetry, center emphasis, advancing receding planes, and curves. Following the restoration of the monarchy, architecture turns toward the Palladian classicism of Inigo Jones. Wren,who bring from France the Baroque concepts, achieves the dynamism, forcefulness, and movement of Italy.
Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor known for their designs reveal greater concern for mass, rhythm, and proportion. -
Louis XIV france famous architecture
The Palace of Versailles French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] (About this soundlisten) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI. It is located in the department of Yvelines, in the region and province of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of Paris. -
English restoration famous architecture
Belton House is a Grade I listed country house in the parish of Belton near Grantham in Lincolnshire, England, built between 1685 and 1688 by Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet. It is surrounded by formal gardens and a series of avenues leading to follies within a larger wooded park. -
Le Régence and Louis XV
Motifs.Engaged columns,pilasters,pediments,quoins,stringcourses, brackets, and corbels. Interior and furniture-flowers, bouquets tied with ribbon, baskets of flowers, garlands, shells, Chinoiserie and singerie, romantic landscapes, Italian comedy figures, musical instruments, hunting/fishing symbols, cupids, bows and arrows, torches, shepherds and shepherdesses, Turkish arabesques, pastoral emblems-shepherd crooks, and an allover trellis pattern with flowers in the center of intersecting lines. -
American Georgian
Motifs. Classical motifs defining architecture include pilasters, pediments, dentil moldings, balustrades, round arches with keystones, and quoins. Common motifs in interiors include the ear, shell, acanthus leaf, rosette, and pineapple or pinecone, as well as renditions of naturalistic flowers. Furniture motifs may be classical (columns and moldings), Rococo (shells and flowers), or Chinese (fretwork and bamboo). -
Period: to
American Georgian architecture
classical traditions inspired by Andrea Palladio, Inigo Jones, James Gibbs, architectural pattern books, and carpenter’s building manuals. Colonial buildings become more formal with greater design sophistication and now are symmetrical, ordered, and balanced. Classical details and Neo-Palladian design influences increase throughout the period. Public and private structures are similar in form and ornament, maintain a smaller scale and simpler treatments than in England. -
Period: to
Le Régence and Louis XV architecture
continue the classicism of the Baroque era, but with an increased elegance and lightness in scale and appearance. Plain walls with surface decoration concentrated around doors and windows are characteristic. Larger windows reduce wall space and help to integrate outside and inside. Hôtels or town-houses built in Paris for the aristocracy are the chief Rococo building type. Architects experiment with courtyard shapes that relate to the site’s shape. -
English Neo-Palladian and Georgian
Motifs.columns, pilasters, balusters, dentil moldings, and quoins. In Queen Anne furniture, motifs include shells and acanthus leaves. Early Georgian furniture may display swags, urns, eagles, cabochons, lion masks, satyr masks, and/or foliage. Motifs in furniture and interiors after mid-century influenced by Rococo and Gothic are ribbons, leaves, shells, foliage, birds, pointed arches, quatrefoils, and tracery. Chinoiserie and Chinese motifs include faux bamboo,Oriental figures, and pagodas -
Period: to
English Neo-Palladian and Georgian architecture
Elements and ornamentation are classical, and compositions are symmetrical, horizontal, and feature classical repose.
The typical rectangular house is the main building shape.
Town houses are normally three stories high, one or more rooms wide, and two rooms deep.
Materials for structures are brick, local stone, or stucco.
Color is a highlight of the time showing social status and variation. -
Le Régence and Louis XV famous architecture
Charlotte-Angélique Courtin, wife of Pierre Roque de Varengeville, King's Ambassador to Venice , and daughter of Honoré Courtin , Councilor of State, had the hotel built in 1704 by Jacques V Gabriel. The sponsor's younger daughter, Jeanne-Angélique Roque de Varengeville, who married Marshal de Villars , lived in the house when she inherited it in 1732. In 1736, she sold it to Marie-Marguerite d'Allègre, Countess of Rupelmonde , who lived there until his death in 1752 -
Period: to
Rococo
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English Neo-Palladian and Georgian famous architecture
St Martin-in-the-Fields is an English Anglican church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London.
It became a principal parish church west of the old City in the early modern period as Westminster's population grew. When its old structure was found to be near failure, the present building was constructed in an influential neoclassical design by James Gibbs in 1722–1726. -
American Georgian famous architecture
Marble Hill House is a Palladian villa, now Grade I listed, in Twickenham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It was built between 1724 and 1729 as the home of Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, who lived there until her death. The compact design soon became famous and furnished a standard model for the Georgian English villa and for plantation houses in the American colonies.Marble Hill House was built in 1724–1729 by Henrietta Howard -
Period: to
Early Neoclassical
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famous Baroque architecture
Smolny Convent or Smolny Convent of the Resurrection (Voskresensky, located on Ploschad Rastrelli,
This Russian Orthodox convent was built to house Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great. After she was disallowed succession to the throne, she opted to become a nun. However, her Imperial predecessor,Ivan VI, was overthrown during a coup d'état (carried out by the royal guards in 1741).
built by Rastrelli between 1748 and 1764 -
Late English Georgian
Motifs. Architectural and interior details include swags, anthemions or honeysuckles, urns, pediments, paterae, classical figures, lyres, laurel wreaths, columns, and other classical elements. Furniture motifs also are classical, but add the Prince of Wales motif, lyres, wheat, ribbons, drapery, classical figures, architectural details, and repeating patterns. -
Period: to
Late English Georgian architecture
The Late Eniglis Georgian period wholeheartedly adopts Neoclassicism for architecture, interiors, and furniture. Although a continuation of the classicism of Neo-Palladian architecture, the new style exhibits slenderer proportions, flatter details, and more ornamentation.
geometric shapes, symmetry, unity, formality and elegant classical decoration. -
Louis XVI and French provincial famous architecture
The Petit Trianon (French pronunciation: [pəti tʁijanɔ̃]; French for "small Trianon") is a Neoclassical style château located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. It was built between 1762 and 1768 during the reign of King Louis XV of France. The Petit Trianon was constructed in the park of a larger royal retreat known as the Grand Trianon. -
Late English Georgian famous architecture
Kenwood House- built around 1616 by the King's Printer. It was acquired in 1694 by the Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, William Bridges, who demolished the house and rebuilt it
In 1764, Murray commissioned Robert Adam to remodel the house, who was given complete freedom to design it how he wished. Adam added the library .He also designed the Ionic portico at the entrance.In 1780, the house became a permanent residence. -
Louis XVI and French provincial
Motifs. come from Greek, Roman, Etruscan, and Egyptian sources. Common are garlands, swags, frets, guilloches, palmettes, classical figures, sphinxes, masks, flowers, bouquets, baskets of flowers, shepherds, shepherdesses, farm tools, and balloons after the first successful balloon flight in 1783. Although classical motifs dominate, some Rococo themes continue, such as flowers, shepherds, shepherdesses, bows, Chinoiserie, and singerie -
Period: to
Louis XVI and French provincial architecture
emphasize classicism. geometric volumes, structural honesty, and simplicity. Structures are blocklike with plain façades and minimal ornamentation.
Proportions often derive from antique sources. horizontality, clarity, stability, and repose, those classical attributes that give feelings of dignity and grandeur. Emphasis on scale and specific design details to proclaim status and rank lessens. Although designs often are assemblages of ancient motifs, the result is clearly modern. -
American Federal
Motifs. include eagles, paterae, swags, egg and dart, palmettes, honeysuckle, classical figures, baskets, urns, and stripes. The image of George Washington and other leaders appears often, particularly in decorative arts. -
Period: to
American federal architecture
Scale for all buildings is domestic. Wood-frame construction and brick prevail. Gentleman amateurs or master craftsmen. design and build most structures. American Neoclassicism does not have a strong theoretical base, as in Europe. Nor do Americans emphasize design dependence on classical models. Consequently, the Federal style is largely imitative, not necessarily innovative. A few immigrant builders and architects, such as Benjamin Henry Latrobe, introduce some innovations. -
American federal famous architecture
The Massachusetts State House, also known as the Massachusetts Statehouse or the New State House, is the state capitol and seat of government for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, located in the Beacon Hill[3][4] neighborhood of Boston. The building houses the Massachusetts General Court (state legislature) and the offices of the Governor of Massachusetts. The building, designed by architect Charles Bulfinch, was completed in January 1798 at a cost of $133,333