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Thomas Jefferson proposes two-track educational system for “the laboring and the learned”
https://www.justicebydesign.org/ried-blog/2018/4/17/what-is-the-purpose-of-public-education-in-america-pt-1#:~:text=Thomas%20Jefferson%2C%20widely%20considered%20the,the%20laboring%20and%20the%20learned -
Wealthy businessmen give money to educate poor children. A system is implemented in which one master teaches a large group of older students in a single room, who can then pass down the lesson to younger students. This model is often called the "Lancasterian" model.
https://constitution.org/1-Education/lanc/monitorial.htm#:~:text=Joseph%20Lancaster%20(1778%2D1838),numbers%20of%20students%20at%20low -
While Massachusetts was the first, by 1917, it became standard for all American children to have at least an elementary level education.
https://www.bostonmagazine.com/education/2018/05/17/tbt-compulsory-education-massachusetts/ -
Assimilation begins in American schools, as the government wants Native Americans to follow their society’s structure instead of their cultural values/beliefs/traditions- trying to erase their ancestral identity.
https://www.sapiens.org/culture/native-american-boarding-schools-photos/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGqWRyBCHhw -
The federal government decides by way of court that segregation is legal, as long as each group has equal accommodations.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson -
After World War II, a bill is passed that provides thousands of working-class men with college scholarships.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkwTFiOLp3Y -
The Supreme Court agrees segregated schools are “inherently unequal” and must be abolished; This court decision resolves the law side of things, but it takes decades to be actually implemented in schools (see 1957’s Little Rock Nine)
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
The Governor of Arkansas sends his National Guard to physically prevent nine African Americans from entering an all-white public school; Pres Eisenhower sends troops to enforce the U.S. federal government's previous court order- Brown v. Board of Education- that says segregation in schools is illegal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g -
This act makes public education free to eligible disabled children nationwide, as well as ensures special education for them.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/ -
2015's Every Student Succeeds Act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act, fixing its controversial parts. This act ensures public schools provide quality and equal education for all students, including disadvantaged ones.
https://www.understood.org/articles/en/every-student-succeeds-act-essa-what-you-need-to-know