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The Northwest Ordinance
The reason for this ordinance was mainly to create new states out of the Northwest Territory. Additionally, the ordinance stated that a section within each township would be set aside for a public school. The Northwest Ordinance was one of the first great steps towards education as a whole because it implimented federal support for public education. -
Young Ladies Academy
The Young Ladies Academy was opened in Pennsylvania and was said to be the first all girls school in America. It was sponsored by many religious and political male leaders and subjects such as math, reading, writing, chemistry, geography and philosophy were all taught there by a male staff. This was a major event that helped to shape multicultural education by expanding the privelege of education to both genders as well as teaching girls subjects that boys were learning. -
The African Institute
This school was founded by a male named Richard Humphreys, a Quaker philanthropist. He grew up on a plantation and noticed how African Americans were losing their jobs to more skilled immigrants. He opened the school to both girls and boys, and the school taught subjects like reading and writing as well as mechanics and agriculture. This institute helped shape multicultural education by expanding education to boys and girls of color and giving them an opportunity at a better job and future. -
The Association of American Universities
This association was founded to promote higher standards and put U.S. universities on an equal footing with their European counterparts. The purpose of this was to standardize and strengthen American doctoral programs. Tis program helped shape multicultural education by comparing and standardizing American universities with those in Europe that were deemed to be of "higher quality". -
The Progressive Education Association
The Progressive Education Association was founded with the goal of reforming education. One of the main focuses was to put the child at the center of learing, and one major component of that was co-operation betweeen school and home in order to benefit the life and education of the child. This seems like a step towards multicultural education because it involves tolerance in order to provide what is best for the child and what helps and hinders them based on their life at home. -
Alvarez v. Board of Trustees
The Lemon Grove School principal banned 75 Mexican children from entering the school because he claimed they were unsanitary and came from poverty. The school actually opened another school where the Mexican children were allowed to attend with the hopes of "Americanizing" them. The result of the court hearing was that the Mexican students were considered to be Caucasian and were then allowed to attend the schoo. This was a small step in intergrating a school with different cultural background. -
McCollum v. Board of Education
The argument in this case was that it should not be allowed for schools to hire outside teacher to come in and teach religious education during school time to all students. The ruling for this case was that teaching religion at the school went against the First and Fourteenth Amendment. In terms of multicultural education, this helped to seperate church and state and avoided teaching religion to students who had different beliefs without them being judged. -
First Bilingual and Bicultural Public School in the US
This school founded in Miami taught in English and Spanish and was therefore a "pioneer" school on the grounds of Bilingual Education. In terms of multicultural education, this event was very important because it created a school where children who spoke Spanish to have an opportunity to learn in an enviornment that worked for them and today we have bilingual education programs in almost all public schools. -
The Bilingual Education Act
The Bilingual Education Act established federal policy for bilingual education. Its focus was “the special educational needs of the large numbers children of limited English-speaking ability in the United States," which led to more and more students from different cultures and who speak different langauges having a better opportunity for success. -
Equal Educational Opportunities Act
"The EEOA affirms that no state shall deny educational opportunity based on race, color, sex, or national origin by engaging in deliberate segregation by an educational agency; failing to remedy deliberate segregation..." Creating this act was a key component that ensured students would not discriminated against for any of the reasons listed above, and more. This is a crucial part of the history of multicultural education.
