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Clovis (Frankish King) is baptized as a Christan - staring the influence of the Chruch on European politics
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Frankish King Pepin helps pope Stephen 2 by defeating the Lombards. The Frankish king is now the military authority of the church.
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Establishment of the papal states
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In 794 the Emperor Kammu moved the imperial capital from Nara to Heian-kyo, now known as Kyoto. This signified the beginning of the Heian period (794–1185CE). During this time, many of the foundations of Japan’s development were laid. Japanese society broke away from the strong influences of, and connections with China. Japanese art and culture began to flourish.
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Charlemagne becomes the Holy Roman Emperor
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Alfred the great unites the Saxon kingdoms and becomes king of England
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- Norman king William the conqueror becomes king of England
- Normans were a group of Franks and Vikings in northern France
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Pope Urban 2 delivers the speech at the council of Clermont, calling for the first Crusade. This speech urged Christians to take up arms and reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control
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The crusaders, after a long and bloody siege, capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade. This leads to the establishment of Crusaders states in the Levant
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English Normans rulers fight a series of battles in France because they had a claim on the French throne
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The second Crusade, led by European kings like Louis V2 of France and Conrad 3 of Germany, ends in disappointment with failed attempts to recapture territories lost to the Muslims
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Samurai became the dominant warrior class, holding power and social prestige.
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The Genpei War, 1180 - 1185, was a national civil war between the Taira and Minamoto clans during the late-Heian period of Japan. It resulted in the downfall of the Taira and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate under Minamoto no Yoritomo, who appointed himself as Shōgun in 1192, governing Japan as a military dictator from the eastern city of Kamakura. Minamoto Yoritomo formed the first bakufu and ruled as Japan's first shogun from his capital at Kamakura.
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In 1192, Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199), a member of the powerful Minamoto clan, was awarded the highest military rank in Japan, Sei-i Taishōgun (征夷大将軍 – Commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians).
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The pivotal Battle of Hattin takes place where Saladin's forces defeat the Crusaders, leading to the recapture of Jerusalem. This promotes Pope Gregory V2 to call for the Third crusade to reclaim the city.
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Phillip the second of France, Richard 1 of England and Frederick the first, Holy roman emperor lead the Third crusade. They took back many territories from Saladin but failed to win back Jerusalem.
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Established Japan’s first military government and began the shogunate system.
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The samurai code of honour and loyalty guided behaviour and social expectations
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A new branch of Buddhism that influenced the samurai’s focus on discipline and meditation.
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Pope Innocent the third declares the forth crusade to take back Jerusalem
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During the forth crusade, instead of reaching the holy land, the crusaders sack Constantinople, weakening the byzantine empire and causing divisions among christians.
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The Mongol Invasions of Japan Warfare ??? Mongol forces tried to invade Japan but were defeated, partly due to “divine winds.”
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The Muromachi period of feudal Japan lasted from around 1336 AD to 1573 AD, and was under the rule of the Muromachi shogunate. This period in Japan’s history was marked by a great deal of political unrest, but was also a time of significant cultural growth, particularly under the influence of Zen Buddhism.
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Ashikaga Takauji took power, marking a new shogunate after the fall of Kamakura rule.
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A civil war between powerful daimyō that plunged Japan into chaos for over 100 years.
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Christianity was introduced to Japan, leading to cultural exchange and later suppression.
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Powerful warlord who began Japan’s unification using advanced military tactics.
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The Azuchi Momoyama period of feudal Japan lasted from around 1574 AD to 1600 AD, and it was a time when society became unified under the daimyō Oda Nobunaga. It was Nobunaga, along with his successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, that was responsible for unifying all provinces in Japan under the control of the central government.
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Finished the unification process and implemented strict social rules.
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in 1598 AD and a man named, Tokugawa Ieyasu, came to power. Tokugawa Ieyasu was appointed as the shogun by the emperor and became the first shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan. This time was known as the Edo period, which lasted from 1600 AD to 1868 AD, was a characteristically peaceful time of great prosperity.
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Began the Tokugawa Shogunate, a time of peace, order, and isolation.
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Japan closed itself off to foreign contact, banning Christianity and trade with most nations.
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Western nations forced Japan to open trade, leading to the fall of the shogunate.
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The pivotal Battle of Hattin takes place where Saladin's empire is