History of the earth

  • Period: 4600 BCE to 540 BCE

    Precambrian

    Guide Fossil: Stromatolites Geological Events: Extensive volcanic activity, formation of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere Climate Events: Climate stabilization, first ice ages
  • Forms of unicellular life
    3800 BCE

    Forms of unicellular life

    The first forms of life were simple, single-celled organisms called prokaryotes
  • Cyanobacteria
    2500 BCE

    Cyanobacteria

    They were the first to perform photosynthesis and oxygenate the atmosphere
  • Most complex life forms(Invertebrates)
    600 BCE

    Most complex life forms(Invertebrates)

    Dominated the world
  • Period: 540 BCE to 245 BCE

    Palaeozoic

    Guide fossils: Trilobites
    Geological events: Mountain formation, variable climates, Permian-Triassic biological crisis
    Climate events: Great ice ages, formation of Pangaea
  • Fish age
    485 BCE

    Fish age

    They became the dominant vertebrates in aquatic ecosystems
  • Amphibian age
    443 BCE

    Amphibian age

    They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates
  • Ordovician mass extinction
    443 BCE

    Ordovician mass extinction

    It happened in the Paleozoic era, 85% of marine species disappeared
  • Land plants
    419 BCE

    Land plants

    Its colonization and massive expansion changed the composition of Earth's atmosphere and global climate
  • Devonian mass extinction
    360 BCE

    Devonian mass extinction

    It happened in the paleozoic era, 75% of marine species disappeared, especially reefs and many primitive fish.
  • Age of reptiles
    359 BCE

    Age of reptiles

    The first reptiles evolved from amphibian ancestors
  • Permian mass extinction
    252 BCE

    Permian mass extinction

    Extinction of the trilobites and extinction of 90% of living beings
  • Period: 245 BCE to 66 BCE

    Mesozoic

    Guide fossils: Ammonites
    Geological events: Breakup of Pangaea, greenhouse effect, extinction of the dinosaurs by meteorite
    Climate events: Climate regulation
  • Age of Birds
    201 BCE

    Age of Birds

    They evolved directly from a group of theropod dinosaurs
  • Triassic mass extinction
    201 BCE

    Triassic mass extinction

    Around 70–80% of species became extinct
  • Angiosperm plants
    145 BCE

    Angiosperm plants

    They were diversifying and expanding very rapidly
  • Age of Mammals
    145 BCE

    Age of Mammals

    They diversified greatly at the end of the Mesozoic era
  • Extinction of the dinosaurs
    66 BCE

    Extinction of the dinosaurs

    It was caused primarily by the impact of a large asteroid, causing the disappearance of 75% of the planet's species
  • Period: 66 BCE to 1 CE

    Cenozoic

    Guide fossils: Nummilites
    Geological events: Separation of the continents, formation of the current mountain ranges (Alps, Himalayas)
    Climate events: Gradual cooling of the planet
  • Hominids
    6

    Hominids

    were the first humans
  • Homo sapiens appears
    200

    Homo sapiens appears

    It gradually consolidated itself through its capacity for adaptation, development, and global migration