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Giotto completes his work on the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua.
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Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.
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Henry VII becomes king of England beginning the reign of the House of Tudor.
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Leonardo da Vinci paints the Last Supper
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Rome is sacked by the troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
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period after exploration providing European nations with vast overseas empires and wealth that strengthens the kings into absolute monarchs and the exploring
nations into superpowers, but causes external conflicts, such as religious and colonial
wars, and internal conflicts, such as revolutions and civil wars, as kings got so powerful. -
Philip sent a fleet of 130 massive Spanish warships armed with
3,000 cannons to crush England, but poor weather and Sir Francis Drake's smaller faster ships destroyed the Spanish Armada-1588 -
asked for Parliament's support of when the Act of Supremacy
created the Church of England -
inherited high taxes and debt,but continued France's luxury, then lost 7 Years War which gave England Canada and split Louisiana between
England and Spain, so France lost all New World money -
asked for Parliament's support of when the Act of Supremacy
created the Church of England -
Rousseau published The Social Contract, Emile. Attempt to unite the liberty of the individual with the authority of the government. Emile was important for education
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Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War (1754-1763). Canada east of the Mississippi River added to the British empire.
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The Proclamation of 1763 issued by King George III after the end of the French and Indian War / Seven Years' War to organize the new North American empire and stabilize relations with Native Americans. No British settlements allowed west of the Appalachian mountains. Settlers already in these areas required to return east
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Patrick Henry presents seven Virginia Resolutions claiming that only the Virginia assembly can legally tax Virginia residents
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Richard Arkwright invented the water frame, which hooked up spinning machines to a water wheel.
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Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica
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The Quebec Act establishing a centralized government in Canada controlled by the British and extending the southern boundary of Canada into territories claimed by Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia.
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Richard Henry Lee from Virginia delegate presents a formal resolution to the Continental Congress for America to declare its independence from Britain.
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American troops under Benedict Arnold defeat the British at Ridgefield, Connecticut
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Immanuel Kant publishes his Critique of Pure Reason, his analysis of the human mind and how it relates to nature.
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emmanuel Kant publishes his Critique of Pure Reason, his analysis of the human mind and how it relates to nature.
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Napoleon graduates from Ecole Militaire with the rank of second lieutenant in the artillery.
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Napoleon graduates from Ecole Militaire with the rank of second lieutenant in the artillery
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The Third Estate (commoners) declares the National Assembly
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A large group of women (and men) march from Paris to Versailles to demand lower bread prices. They force the king and queen to move back to Paris.
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Olympe de Gouges published a Declaration of the Rights of Woman.
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France declares war against Austria.
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The Committee of Public Safety is formed. It will rule France during the Reign of Terror.
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King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine.
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Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason was written. Condorcet wrote The Progress of the Human Mind.
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Under the command of Admiral Nelson, the British fleet destroys the French navy in the Battle of the Nile. Napoleon's army is cut off from supplies and communication
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Combination Acts make it illegal in England for workers to unionize in order to bargain for higher pay or better working conditions.
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Parliament passes law making it illegal by penalty of death to destroy industrial machines.
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Stephenson’s Rocket wins the speed contest on the new Liverpool to Manchester railroad. 51 miles of railroad track in Great Britain and the entire world.
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British government sets up the General Board of Health to investigate sanitary conditions, setting up local boards to ensure safe water in cities.
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Henry IV: ruled during the shock of the Protestant Reformation and used Edict of Nantes to declare religious toleration in France, but was murdered by a religious fanatic
