HISTORY 2025

By erinngarciia
  • BEGINNING OF THE ESTATES GENERAL

    BEGINNING OF THE ESTATES GENERAL

  • STORMING OF THE BASTILLE

    STORMING OF THE BASTILLE

  • DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN

    DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN

  • DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN AND THE CITIZEN

    DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN AND THE CITIZEN

  • THE TERROR

    THE TERROR

  • EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVITH

    EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVITH

  • COUP DÉTAT OF THERMIDOR

    COUP DÉTAT OF THERMIDOR

  • THE DIRECTORY

    THE DIRECTORY

  • THE CONSULATE

    THE CONSULATE

  • COUP DÉTAT OF BRUMAIRE

    COUP DÉTAT OF BRUMAIRE

  • THE EMPIRE

    THE EMPIRE

  • BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ

    BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ

  • Congress of Vienna

    Congress of Vienna

  • EXILE IN ELBA

    EXILE IN ELBA

  • Louis XVIII, King of France

    Louis XVIII, King of France

    Brother of Louis XVI. Restored as monarch after Napoleon. Ruled under a constitutional monarchy with moderate policies.
  • EXILE IN ST. HELENA

    EXILE IN ST. HELENA

  • BATTLE OF WATERLOO

    BATTLE OF WATERLOO

  • Period: to

    SAPANISH LIBERAL BIENNIUM

    A brief period when King Ferdinand VII was forced to accept the liberal Constitution of 1812. Ended by French intervention.
  • DEATH OF NAPOLEON

    DEATH OF NAPOLEON

  • Louis Philippe, King of France

    Louis Philippe, King of France

    known as the “Citizen King.” Took power after the 1830 revolution. His liberal monarchy ended in the 1848 revolution.
  • INDEPENDENCE OF BELGIUM

    INDEPENDENCE OF BELGIUM

    Belgium broke away from the Netherlands after a nationalist revolution. Gained support from France and Britain.
  • The Zollverein (German Customs Union)

    The Zollverein (German Customs Union)

    A customs union led by Prussia among German states (excluding Austria). Important step toward German unification.
  • CHARLES X, KING OF FRANCE

    CHARLES X, KING OF FRANCE

    Succeeded Louis XVIII. Tried to restore absolutism, leading to the July Revolution of 1830.
  • Period: to

    Revolutions of 1848 / The Spring of Nations

    A wave of revolutionary movements across Europe demanding democracy, national unity, and social reforms. Most were suppressed but influenced future reforms.
  • Second French Empire (Napoleon III)

    Second French Empire (Napoleon III)

    Louis-Napoleon declared himself Emperor Napoleon III. Authoritarian at first, later adopted more liberal policies. Fell after war with Prussia.
  • Period: to

    Battles of Magenta and Solferino

    Key victories for France and the Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria in northern Italy. Crucial to Italian unification. Inspired the creation of the Red Cross.
  • Period: to

    Garibaldi Conquers the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

    Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi led a successful campaign in southern Italy and handed control to Victor Emmanuel II.
  • Victor Emmanuel II Becomes King of Italy

    Victor Emmanuel II Becomes King of Italy

    Proclaimed the first king of a unified Italy. Formerly king of Sardinia-Piedmont.

  • Danish-Prussian War (War of the Duchies)

    Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark to gain control of Schleswig and Holstein.
  • Franco-Prussian War

    Franco-Prussian War

    Prussia defeated Austria and excluded it from German affairs. Paved the way for German unification under Prussian leadership.
  • Austro-Prussian War

    Austro-Prussian War

    Prussia defeated Austria and excluded it from German affairs. Paved the way for German unification under Prussian leadership.
  • Wilhelm I Proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Reich

    Wilhelm I Proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Reich

    The German Empire was officially established in Versailles. Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, became the first emperor (Kaiser) of unified Germany.