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The Encloser act led to the privatization of common lands, transforming them into individually owned plots, which increased agricultural efficiency and productivity. However, it also displaced many peasant communities who relied on these shared lands for farming and grazing, forcing them to seek work in urban areas.
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The Royal Society of London planed on improving agricultural by using science to prove that the potato was a useful crop.
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Rotherham built the swing plough which was more efficient and lighter than any other plough at the time, and many would have been the first to be mass-produced in the factories of the industrial revolution.
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The market that developed from the increasing labor and goods because of the industrial and agricultural revolution evolved into a national market. This was also aided by the expansion of roads.
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The conversion of pastureland into usable land for farming allowed for more farming to establish itself, increasing the number of goods that could be produced. Soil drainage and soil maintenance became procedures that farmers took part in. Water meadows that are subject to irrigation increased productivity.
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Jethro Tull invents the seed drill. Prior to his invention, sowing seeds was done by hand, which he considered wasteful. The seed drill was a horse-drawn machine that planted seeds in neat rows and at a consistent depth, revolutionizing the process of planting seeds in agriculture.
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The Norfolk four-course system is a method of crop rotation that originated in Norfolk, England, this system eliminated the fallow year allowing for different types of crops to be grown every year, specifically wheat, turnip, barley, and clover
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Charles Townshend successfully introduced a new method of crop rotation on his farms. He divided his fields up into four different types of produce with wheat in the first field, clover (or ryegrass) in the second field, oats or barley in the third field and, turnips or swedes in the final field.
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Arthur Young was an English agriculturist. Not himself successful as a farmer, he built on connections and activities as a publicist a substantial reputation as an expert on agricultural improvement.
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In the mid-18th century, two British agriculturalists, Robert Bakewell and Thomas Coke, introduced selective breeding as a scientific practice and used inbreeding to stabilize certain qualities in order to reduce genetic diversity.