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An act passed by congress that backed vocationalism in schools specifically for agriculture, home economics and industrial trades. Watch this video about the Smith-Hughes Act
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This publication was a set of recommendations for secondary education. In mathematics, there was a focus on the needs of four different groups of students. The main idea was that not all students needed to know math past a certain point.
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The USSR launched the Sputnik satellite into space.
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Signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson, ESEA was created as a commitment to quality and equality for the nation's students. It primarily serves the most vulnerable students, such as disabled and/or low-income students.
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Cal-Tech was the first handheld calculator developed by Texas Instruments and released in 1967. It "was quickly followed by more refined successors" which led to the eventual mainstream use of four-function and scientific calculators. (Kelly, p. 1052, 2003).
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The "back-to-basics" movement after New Math did not produce the desired results. Students were not adept problem solvers. An Agenda for Action was NCTM's response. Math would now be focused more on building problem solving skills and less on memorizing basic skills.
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At the 1983 NCTM Annual Meeting, Alice Kidd, lead of Texas textbook adoption at the time, met with Jeffrey Sellon, president of the Cuisenaire Company of America, about wanting manipulative kits to accompany textbooks. This led to Sellon meeting with 12 different companies about creating custom kits for their texts, but only 3 companies took him up on that offer. Those 3 companies were the only ones adopted in Texas that year.
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US schools were struggling. Performance was subpar. The National Commission on Excellence in Education sounded the alarm and brought attention to the many issues in education.
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Casio released the first graphing calculator.
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George W. Bush's reauthorization of the ESEA. It increased accountability for students and teachers by means of assessment.
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Barack Obama's reauthorization of the ESEA. It offered some flexibility that was not previously available under NCLB.
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COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that causes cough, fever, and fatigue, among other things. It has spread quickly and its severity varies person to person. It has led to hospitals experiencing a shortage of beds and PPE. In an effort to "slow the spread," we have taken up mask wearing and social distancing.
