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Alan Turning writes 'On Computable Numbers' in which he suggests a universal machine that can do any calculation.
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Nobert Weiner writes the book 'Cybernetics' that gives its name to a science; among other things he suggests that the way the brain is built may determine the way it works and constructing machines like brains may help us to understand the brain.
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Turning suggests that machines might some day pssess intelligence; he proposes the first test for possible machine intelligence (now called the 'Turning Test').
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W. Grey Walter develops a 'tortoise' that moves under its own power until the batteries are low; it then seeks out and connects to the nearest power outlet and recharges itself (can this be described as hunger?)
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John McCarthy of Dartmouth College (US) coins the term artificial intelligence
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LISP (LISt Processing) the most commonly used AI language is introduced by McCarthy
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Dr Norbert Weiner suggests that if computers could think like humans it would be "both effective, and dangerous"
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Samual beaten by his chackers playing program; others expirement into developing game playing theory.
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Dr Frank Rosenblatt demonstrates that 'perceptrons' coupled to a simple neural network can be programmed by example to recognize patterns
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Dr Weizenbaum of MIT designs ELIZA
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Fuzzy logic introduced by Zadeh to explain some of the situations where a Yes/No answer will not suffice
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Work Begun on DENDRAL, the firsst expert system
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'Shakey', a radio linked, mobile robot with built in TV and range finder is developed to manipulate blocks using a program STRIPS taht could "plan" a series of actions
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Terry Winograd at MIT develops SHRUDLU, an NL interface to an imaginary 'block world' that was the first to demonstrate that a machine could have any real grasp of language.
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The AI language PROLOG (programmed logic) developed
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'MYCIN, an expert system to diagnose bacterial infections is produced
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'Hearsay', a speech understanding program is introduced
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Work starts on 'Shear Magic', a sheep shearing robot (WA)
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BKG 9.8, a backgammon playing program defeats the (human) world champion
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Developments in knowledge enginerring and inference systems helps respark interest in he potential AI
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Japan announces the $M400 Fifth Generation Project to, over ten years, put a 'core' computer in every home and small business; this knowledge information processor (KIP) would work through a natural language interface; the overall aim was to establish a knowledge industry society. (As a side note: the Japanese Fifth Generation Project was one of the motivating factors behind the move to develop IPT as a subject in Queensland.)
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Q&A, a natural language based PC database program is introduced
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Developments with ANNs lead to significant advances into solving problems associated with pattern matching.
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US Military use AI based technology in weapons systems such as missiles and fighter jets
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Voice and character recognition used in home computer
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ALICE, an open source NL AI chat robot, wins the Loebner Prize for the turning test