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Geological events: volcanic activity, formation of the moon, 1st ocean, 1st sedimentary rocks, 1st continent (Rodinia). Climate events: meteoric bombardment that delayed crustal formation, global glaciation.
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Cyanobacteria were the first life forms to appear on Earth. They contain chlorophyll, which allows them to photosynthesise. Thanks to them, the atmosphere changed from being reducing to oxidising.
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The first invertebrate eukaryotic organisms appear.
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Geological events: creation of the continent Pangea 1, which broke apart to re-unite to form Pangea 2. Volcanism and two orogenies. Climate events: two ice ages.
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Fish were the first vertebrate animals in the history of the Earth.
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The first plants to colonise the continents were gymnosperms, characterised by the fact that their seeds are not protected by a fruit.
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Amphibians were the first vertebrate animals to surface. They were the dominant species for about 100m.y until reptiles appeared.
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Reptiles replaced amphibians as the dominant species, spread across the globe and evolved into many different species.
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Geological events: Pangea fractures and the Atlantic Ocean is created. Climate events: climate change caused by rising temperatures and CO2 caused a mass extinction. There were no ice ages.
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Angiosperms are the first flowering and fruiting plants.
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Due to rising temperatures and CO2 levels.
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Geological events: the fragments of Pangea continued to break apart until they reached their present position. Climate events: human-caused climate change.
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Because of the extinction of the dinosaurs, mammals and birds were able to evolve and replace reptiles as the dominant species on the planet.
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First hominids evolved from a common ancestor among today's great apes.
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