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Herbert Hoover was in office from 1929 -1933. He wanted the people to be independent, so he didn't offer much aid during the great depression -
In late October, stock prices began falling sharply.
Causing panic in the people, and over 16 million shares were traded, wiping out fortunes. -
Many banks loaned out major sums of money for stock speculation and consumer credit. Panicked Americans ran to withdraw savings, causing bank runs. Since banks didn't keep enough cash on hand, many collapsed -
The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies -
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff was meant to protect U.S. industries; instead, it reduced international trade, as other nations fought back with their own tariffs -
Hoovervilles were makeshift shantytowns of homeless people during the Great Depression, built from scavenged materials and named derisively after President Herbert Hoover -
The Scottsboro Boys case involved nine African American teenagers who were falsely accused of raping two white women in Alabama in 1931. The case became an international symbol of racial injustice in the American South during the Jim Crow era -
When World War I veterans marched on Washington, demanding early bonus payments, Hoover refused and had the military forcibly remove them -
The "Black Cabinet" was an unofficial but influential group of African American advisors who worked in Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration during the Great Depression to advocate for Black communities and influence New Deal policies. Though never formally recognized by the president -
Was involved with the people, giving immediate relief to the unemployed and poor. He built programs to rebuild the economy and made Long-Term changes to prevent future crises. -
The Government inspected closed banks and reopened those that were financially stable -
Franklin D Roosevelt had his first fireside chat, reassuring Americans that as long as they contribute, they can come back from the Great Depression -
The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) was later created to insure deposits, so people would never again lose their savings if a bank failed. -
reversed U.S. assimilation policies by promoting tribal self-governance and ending the harmful land allotment process, which had fragmented tribal land bases. -
a New Deal law that established the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to stimulate the housing market during the Great Depression -
gave pensions to the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled
Helped Americans feel more secure about the future.