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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed
The IPCC, established by UNEP, was formed with the objective to provide governments at all levels with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. This was done with the hope that they would eventually be putting forward adaptation and mitigation options. Since its establishment, the IPCC has had 5 assessment reports, which has "fed directly into international climate policymaking." -
IPCC's First Report on Global Warming
In the first report, the importance of climate change as a challenge with global consequences and requiring international cooperation was underlined. The IPCC's first assessment was successful at predicting the pace of global warming. -
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The objective was to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human induced) interference with the climate system. -
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The Rio Earth Summit
They aimed to produce a broad agenda and a new blueprint for international action on environmental and development issues that would help guide international cooperation and development policy. However, because most of the documents that came out of it are not binding; they are not mandatory, this means that they did not achieved their objectives. Nonetheless the Rio Earth Summit had both many achievements and failures. -
IPCC's Second Assessment/Report
Where expressed greater certainty that climate change was largely caused by human activities. -
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol was an agreement among developed nations to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and greenhouse gases (GHG) in an effort to minimize the impacts of climate change. While the protocol was the first step in the process to combat global warming, the protocol was not successful as the GHG increased in 1997 rather than decreasing. -
Bali Action Plan
The Bali Action Plan is a part of the Bali Road Map, where charts the course for a new negotiating process and provide the roadmap toward a new international climate change agreement that may ultimately lead to a future international agreement on climate change. The Action Plan is divided into five main categories that include: shared vision, mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing. The plan was successful as many parties adopted the decision. -
Copenhagen Climate Change Conference
It was a gathering of world leaders in the capital of Denmark over a two week period from December 7th to the 18th. Some key elements include: an aspirational goal of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius; a commitment by developed countries for $30 billion in 2010-2012 to help developing countries. The accord also called for the establishment of a new Green Climate Fund. Despite this, the conference failed due to conflicts between world leaders -
Cancun and Durban Climate Change Conferences
The overall aim of the conferences was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to help developing nations protect themselves from climate impacts and build their own sustainable futures. The Cancun Agreements set of significant decisions to respond to the long-term challenge of climate change collectively and comprehensively over time. The Durban Agreements agreement was a second commitment period on the Kyoto Protocol. Overall, both conferences were relatively successful making a "breakthrough". -
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Rio +20
Rio +20 is the third international conference on sustainable development, where they aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community, as well as define pathways to a safer, more equitable, cleaner, greener and more prosperous world. Luckily, the Rio +20 was a success. -
Paris 2015
The Paris 2015 Agreements is a legally binding international treaty on climate change, which was adopted by 196 Parties. Furthermore, they aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, with a preference to 1.5. While the Agreements were considered successful, the results indicated a continuous global increase in emissions indicating that unfortunately the Paris 2015 Agreement failed to be executed. -
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Fifty-seventh Session of the IPCC (IPCC-57)
This is the most recent IPCC session that was held in Geneva, Switzerland. However there is not a lot of information on this as it was recent. Additionally, success cannot be established if the IPCC-57 due to its recency and no long-term outcome -
COP 27
The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt hosted the 27th session of the Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP 27), with a view to building on previous successes and paving the way for future ambition to effectively tackle the global challenge of climate change. Additionally, they also aimed to promote climate technology solutions in developing countries. COP 27 cannot determine and assure success due to its recency and as it only occurred at the end of 2022.