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Assimilation (1790 - 1920)
attempt to transform Native American culture to European-American culture between the years 1790 - 1920 -
Growth of Railroads
The development of railroads were one of the most important phenomena of the Industrial Revolution. With their formation, construction and operation, they brought profound social, economic and political change to a country only 50 years old. Over the next 50 years, America would come to see magnificent bridges and other structures on which trains would run, awesome depots, ruthless rail magnates and the majesty of rail locomotives crossing the country.Railroads remained the primary form of land -
Boss Tweed in the Gilded Age
William Magear Tweed was known as “Boss Tweed”. It was a Democratic New York Politician. He led the Tammy Hall. He was the third largest landowner. He owned banks, hotels, printing companies, and railroads. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) was a industrialist. He was the owner of the Carnegie Steel Company, and a major philanthropist. He epitomized the Gilded Age ideal of the self-made man, rising from poverty to become one of the wealthiest individuals in the history of the world. He worked as a bobbin boy and a telegraph messenger before taking a job with the Pennsylvania Railroad at the age of eighteen. By the Civil War, he held an administrative position with the railroad. At the war's end, Carnegie -
John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) was an industrialist and the founder of Standard Oil. Born in New York, he was trained as a bookkeeper but entered the oil business shortly after the discovery of oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859. In 1869, he formed the Standard Oil Company within fifteen years. Standard Oil had acquired near-monopoly control over the American petroleum industry, refining 90% of the nation's oil. Rockefeller used his firm's superior size to negotiate preferential rates from -
Teddy Roosevelt
Was the 26th President of the United States (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" personal and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the first incarnation of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. -
Political Machines
William Marcy Tweed, the Tammany Hall political machine of the late 1860s and early 1870s. Many machine bosses, including Boss Tweed, amassed fortunes as a result of kickbacks and bribes. Some of the cities money also went for such laudable, though unauthorized, uses as support for widows, orphans, the poor, the aged, the sick, and the unemployed. Tammany supporters cited these diversions of public funds as benefits to society that worked to redistribute some of the wealth that big businesses re -
Homestead Act
Anyone who was of 21 years of age or older, including freed slaves and women could file an application to claim a federal land grant. -
First Automobiles
in 1866 by Richard Dudgeon of New York City. This first car was made with a steam engine -
Labor Unions
The first large-scale U.S. union was the National Labor Union, founded in 1866 it was to organize skilled and unskilled laborers, farmers, and factory workers. Blacks and women, were not allowed to join the union.The National Labor Union was not affiliated with any particular political party, it generally supported any candidate who would fight for shorter workdays, higher wages, and better working conditions. The National Labor Union existed for only six years. When the Depression of 1873 hit, -
Invention of Barbed Wire
The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor. -
Industrialization
Industrialization- Build more railroads and increased demand for a variety of manufactured goods. The forward-looking Congress of authorized construction of the first transcontinental railroad, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic lines. -
Nativism
native Indians oppose the American immigration onto their lands and their view was to stay on their native grounds at all cost -
Federal Indian Policy
Federal Indian Policy refers the relationship between the United States Government and the Indian Tribes that exist within its borders. Federal Indian Policy contains several eras in which the way the U.S. Government dealt with the Indians constantly changed. -
Americanization
American culture begins to take over native Indian culture as Americans drive Indians into reservations during Westward Expansion -
Upton Sinlair
The novel "Jungle" produced an immediate and powerful effect on Americans and on federal policy. Helped create laws to improve working conditions for women in the garment industry. He also exposed the corruption of the cities governments and documented his findings in a book called “The Shame of the Cities”. -
Bessemer Process
first inexpensive process for mass production of steel or pig iron noted in 1879 -
The Factory System
Horrific labor violence, as industrialists and workers literally fought over control of the workplace. Workers organized the first large American labor unions during the Gilded Age Employers were generally just as determined to stop unionization as workers were to organize unions, leading to frequent conflict Constant strikes and violence eventually caused the middle class to become fed up with both union and businessmen. -
Urbanization of the Gilded Age
no laws in working area, child labor,bad working industry, crowded cities. -
Explosion of New Inventions
Electricity, telegram, moving pictures, typewriters, assembly lines, and electrical power plants. These inventions range from 1880 - 1910 -
Vertical and Horizontal Intergration
Vertical: The combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies. Horizontal: absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resourced at that level. -
Eugenics
1882 a science that tries to improve the human race by controlling which people become parents -
Eugene V. Debbs
He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884. -
Haymarket Riot
rally at Haymarket Square was organized by labor radicals to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the Chicago police during a strike the day before at the McCormick Reaper Works. -
Dawes Act
1887 allowed the President to survey Indian tribal lands and divide them into allotments for individual indians -
The Battle of Wounded Knee
located on the Pine Ridge Reservation was a massacre between US federal troops and Native Sioux Indians leaving over 150 dead. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
A piece of Progressive Era legislation, signed by President Theodore Roosevelt on the same day as the Federal Meat Inspection Act. The Meat Inspection Act was assigned to what is now known as the Food Safety and Inspection Service that remains in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The first federal law regulating foods and drugs was limited to foods and drugs moving in interstate commerce. Although the law drew upon many precedents, provisions, and legal experiments pioneered in individual stat -
Americanization
assimilation into American culture Assimilation- people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family. -
Introduction of Assembly Lines
– processes of manufacturing by interchangeable parts developed by Henry Ford in 1913 -
The American Dream
The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States, a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence that is proclaimed that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights “including” Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.