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Period: to
Genetics Contributions
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Gregor Mendel
He prevented self polination from pea plants. To fertalize the plant he dusted its carpel with pollen from another plant. The carpels developed into pods which turned into seeds he planted. The seeds grew into offspring plants. He discovered the laws of inheritance, and principle of independent assortment. -
William Bateson and Reginald Punnett
They crossed double heterozygous plants that were dominant for purple, and long pollen grains. They discovered linked genes. -
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Crossed gray body long winged fly with black body vestigial wings. The results were female red eyes, and males white eyes. He discovered crossing over, and sex linkage. -
Archibald Garrod
Hypothesized that nornal individuals have a certain enzyme that breaks down alkapton. He discovered that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes, and individuals have enzymes that break down alkapton. -
Fredrick Griffith
He studied two bacterias one that was harmful and one that caused diseases. He killed the pathelogic bacteria with heat and thn mixed the cell remains with living bacteria of harmless veriety and noticed some cells turned pathelogic. He discovered transformation. -
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
They Studied a mold that was not able to grow like usual, and found out that it lacked an enzyme in a metabolic pathway that the mold needed to grow. They discovered one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. -
Erwin Chargaff
The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount cytosine. -
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
They used a crystallographic to photograph DNA. They discovered the DNA helix. -
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Thet mixed radioactive phages with bacteria left the phages infect the bacteria. Then used a blenderagitate phages to seperate the outside and inside of bacteria cells. Then they measured the radioactivity in the pellet of liquid. Discovered injecting DNA molecules caused cells to produce more phage DNA and proteins. -
James Watson and Francis Crick
They constructed the double helix with nitrogen bases in a specific order. They discovered DNA double helix and how it was set up. -
Marshall Nirnenberg
They added RNA into a cell-free of ecoli, then they added DNase, which breaks apart the DNA, so that no additional proteins would be produced other than their synthetic RNA. They then added 1 radioactively labeled amino acid, the building blocks of proteins, and 19 unlabled protein radioactive genetic code of RNA for phenylaline. He translated the genetic code.
