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Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
From our Text:
-Supports many initiatives that help low-income families access high-quality education programs
-Includes provisions for free and reduced lunches and additional teachers in disadvantaged communities
-Applies to children who need additional support to benefit from public school education programs P.6 I chose to include this Act because it was the start of the government giving disadvantaged students equal possibilities within the education system. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealt of Pennsylvania
From our test: The state was not allowed to "deny to any mentally retarded child access to a free public program of education and training." P. 4 I chose this court case because it was the start of fighting for the protection of rights for those with disabilities. Children with mental retardation could no longer be excluded from public schools. The schools had to provide appropriate services and guidlines for identification and placements were put in place. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
From our Text: Similar to the PARC case, this case required the state to provide "adequate alternative education services" as well as "prior hearing and periodic review of the child's status, progress, and the adequacy of any educational alternative." P.4 I chose this case since it was also key in the founding of acts later on. It provided protection of the rights for individuals with disabilities. The services provided had to be based on the needs of the child no matter the degree. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
From our Text:
-Defines handicapped person
-Defines appropriate education
-Prohibits discrimination against students with disabilities in federally funded programs I chose this act since it protected students from discrimination coming from federal programs, especially schools. Accomodations have to be met and deemed "appropriate," which was also defined under this act. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
From our Text:
-Known as the Mainstreaming Law
-Requires states to provide a free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities (ages 5 to 18)
-Requires individualized education programs (IEPs)
-First defined least restrictive environment I chose this act because it's the benchmark for following acts. It set standards for IEPS and LRE. Evaluating the student became importnat and it also gave parents the ability to dispute decisions made for their children with disabilities. -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
From our Text:
-Requires states to extend free and appropriate education to children with disabilities (ages 3 to 5)
-Establishes early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities (ages birth to 2 years) I chose this since it was an add on to the original act. It covers children at younger ages and offers early intervention to get them on the right track for school. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
From our Text:
-Renames and replaces P.L. 94–142 (EAHCA)
-Establishes “people-first” language for referring to people with disabilities
-Extends special education services to include social work, assistive technology, and rehabilitation services
-Extends provisions for due process and confidentiality for students and parents
-Adds two new categories of disability: autism and traumatic brain injury
-Requires states to provide bilingual education programs for students with disabilities -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Cont. from the Text:
-Requires states to educate students with disabilities for transition to employment, and to provide transition
services
-Requires the development of individualized transition programs for students with disabilities by the time they reach
the age of 16 I chose this act since it covers so many of the basic rights of students with disabilities and their families. It gives students opportunities sfter school to remain a member of the community. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
From the Text:
-Requires that all students with disabilities continue to receive services, even if they have been expelled from school
-Allows states to extend their use of the developmental delay category for students through age 9
-Requires schools to assume greater responsibility for ensuring that students with disabilities have access to the
general education curriculum
-Allows special education staff who are working in mainstream classrooms to assist general education students
when -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Ammendments
-Requires a general education teacher to be a member of the IEP team
-Requires students with disabilities to take part in statewide and districtwide assessments
-Requires states to offer mediation as a voluntary option to parents and educators to resolve differences
-Requires a proactive behavior management plan to be included in the student’s IEP if a student with disabilities
has behavior problems
I chose the ammendments because they build up IDEA and incorporate special education students. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
-Improves performance of elementary and secondary schools by increasing school, district, and state accountability
for all students, including those from minority populations and those with special needs
-Provides more flexibility in how states use federal funds as long as standards of accountability are met
-Offers school choice for students enrolled in failing schools
-Implements early reading interventions I chose this act because it was important for education as a whole. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
From our Text:
-Allows districts to use a response-to-intervention (RTI) model for determining whether a child has a specific
learning disability, and no longer requires that a child have a severe discrepancy between achievement and
intellectual ability to qualify (RTI is described in more detail later in this chapter)
-Increases federal funds to provide early intervention services to students who do not need special education or
related services
-Eliminates use of IEP short-term objectives -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
-Raises standards for special education licensure
-Adopts policies designed to prevent the disproportionate representation of students in special education by race
and ethnicity. I chose this act because it once again furthers the possibilities for students with disabilities and their families. It also moves to improve the quality of their education. The response to intervention (RTI) model was set in place through this act.
