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Bank Holiday
President Roosevelt declares a bank holiday (a Relief effort). The holiday closes the nation’s banks for several days in an effort to curb the number of bank runs and recover the banks failures. (First New Deal) -
Emergency Banking Relief Act
President Roosevelt signs the Emergency Banking Relief Act into law (a Recovery effort). The law aims to shore up the nation’s troubled banking – for example, by examining the financial health of individual banks. (First New Deal) -
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) is created by the Emergency Conservation Work Act, putting unemployed young men to work in the nation’s forests and parks (a Relief effort). The CCC ultimately employs about three million men in conservation work (e.g., planting trees, reducing erosion, and fighting fires). (First New Deal) -
Executive Order No. 6174
Executive Order No. 6174, President Roosevelt authorizes up to $238 million in Public Works Administration (PWA) funds for the Navy (a Relief effort). It encouraged national industrial recovery, to foster fair competition, and to provide for the construction of certain useful public works, and for other purposes," approved June 16, 1933, and in order to effectuate Title III— Public Works and Construction Projects -
The Civil Work Administration
The Civil Works Administration (CWA) is created with Executive Order No. 6420B, under the power granted to President Roosevelt by the National Industrial Recovery Act (a Relief effort). By January 1934, over 4 million formerly-jobless Americans are employed by the CWA. During the program, over $800 million will be spent employing men to build 44,000 miles of new roads, install 1,000 miles of new water mains, construct or improve 4,000 schools, and much more. -
Soil Conservation Act
President Roosevelt signs the Soil Conservation Act, creating the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). The new agency helps preserve America’s agricultural land from erosion and overuse (both a Relief/Recovery effort). The SCS remains active for the next fifty years and helps facilitate the creation of thousands of state-level soil conservation districts. (Second New Deal) -
Resettlement Administration
President Roosevelt creates the Resettlement Administration (RA) with Executive Order No. 7027, under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 (both a Reform/Relief effort). The RA is created to resettle destitute Americans, address environmental issues, and make loans to farmers. The program ends in 1937, with many duties and responsibilities taken over by the newly-created Farm Security Administration (FSA). (Second New Deal) -
Works Progress Administration
President Roosevelt creates the Works Progress Administration (WPA) with Executive Order No. 7034, under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 (a Relief effort). The program is created to provide jobs for unemployed Americans and to improve the nation’s infrastructure. The WPA employs over 8.5 million jobless Americans during its 8 years of operation. (Second New Deal) -
National Labor Relations Act
President Roosevelt signs the National Labor Relations Act (or “Wagner Act”). The law enhances labor’s ability to unionize and, over the long term, makes labor-management relations less violent (a Reform effort). This protected the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy. (Second New Deal) -
National Youth Administration
President Roosevelt creates the National Youth Administration (NYA) with Executive Order No. 7086, under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935(a Relief effort). The program is designed to provide work, education, and job training for unemployed young men and women. It employs 4.7 million young Americans over its eight year life. (Second New Deal)