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Judiciary Act
The New Nation: The development of the Judicial Branch started the Judiciary Act. This act organized the Supreme Court ,Federal and circuit courts. The Judiciary Branch was made up of 13 federal courts, three circuit courts that would hear appeals, and a six member Supreme court. This act also established the office Attorney General, to prosecute and defend cases on behalf of the federal government. -
Proclamation of Neutrality
The New Nation: This proclamation stated that the United States wouldn't take sides. England and France always seemed to be fighting each other, which made president Washington realize that the United States was too new and too young to get involved in European Conflicts. This became the foundation of American policy toward Europe until the 20th century. -
Jay's Treaty
The New Nation: Britain still tried to force the United States to take a side, even after the Proclamation of Neutrality. Britain would intercept American ships that they thought were going to France in the Atlantic Ocean. When they would stopped Americans ships they ouls ipress the American soldiers. President Washington sent John Jay to Great Britain o work out a treaty to avoid war. The only thing that changed was that Britain agreed to remove their troops from the Great Lakes region. -
Monre Doctrine
Expansion and Reform: The United States warned all of Europe that it could not re-colonize Latin American nations. It also stated that it would use all force necessary to repel Eurpean aggression in Latin America, and also it assured European countries that the United States would not interfere in their problems. The Monroe Doctrine contributed to national pride because we asserted our power in the world. -
Abolitionsim
Expansion and Reform: The goal of this movement immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation. Quakers were the first group to speak out against slavery. Abolitionist were people who wanted slavery to end immediately. they thought slavery was wrong and had to stop! -
Manifest Destiny
Expansion and Reform: Manifest Destiny is a fancy word for expansionism. Americans believed the United States must own all the lando the Pacific Ocean. Manifest Destiny was the "god-given right" we had to move west and get all the states we have now like California, Nevada, New Mexico, Ariziona, Texas, Colorado and Utah. Places like those would still be under Spanish rule if it wasn't for Manifest Destiny. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The American Civil War and Reconstruction: This was a novel written by Harret Stowe. This novel was popular in the north and banned in the south. They story depicted slavery as a horrible an unspeakable institution. Southern slave holders were worried that the book would turn many people against slavery and they were right to worry. This gave others who didn't know anything about slavery in the South an idea of what is happening which leads them into protest. -
First Battle of Bull Run
The American Civil War and Reconstruction: This was the first real major conflict of the American Civil War. At the beginning of the five hour battle the Union soldiers had the Confederates on the retreat, except for one brigade commanded by General Jackson. Due to Jackson's ability to hold his ground and his stubbornness, the men saw him similar to a stone wall, hence the nickname "Stonewall" Jackson.The battle proved that this was not going to be a one sided war for either side. -
Homestead Act
The Amercan Frontier: This brought many wannabe farmers to the mid-west, They are given 160 acres, Farmers had to prove they could successfully farm the ares for fve years and if they could the land is theirs.The United States Government gave states land,sold, and took the money and established agricultiral and technical colleges. -
Battle of Antietam
The Ameican Civil War and Reconstruction: This Battle was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with 22,717 dead, wounded and missing on both sides combined.The main important thing about the Battle was that the North was able to stop Lee's first invasion of the North, although at great cost. Lee, outnumbered nearly three to one, held his lines after the battle, and then returned to Virginia. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
The American Frontier: After numerous conflicts between Indian and United States troops, George Custer and his soldiers attempted to force Indians back onto a reservation. Headed by Crazy Horse and Sitting Killing, the two groups clashed at this battle. The Sioux won this battle by killing all of the soldiers. This Battle is very importand because it was Custer's last stand. -
The Great Strike of 1877
The Gilded Act: The strike was the result of continued wage cuts of laborers. Railroad companies cut wages by 10%, a second time in six months. Workers refused to work and the strike spread to 14 states. Violence erupted betwen workers, owners, and police. 100 people died and over five million dollars in property destoryed. This was the first major strike in history. -
Knights of Labor
The Gilded Age: This was the very first union in America. Terrance Powderly was the leader of this union. The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected Socialism and radicalism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producers ethic of republicanism. The union was very radical for the era because it allowed African-Americans and unskilled workers to join. Big business leaders often feared unions because of the power in numbers. -
Interstate Commerce Act
The American Frontier: Congrss passed this making the railroads the first industry subject to Federal regulation. Congress passed the law largely in response to public demand that railroad operations be regulated. The act also established a five-member enforcement board known as the Interstate Commerce Commission. This is one of the most important laws passed in United States history as the act set railroads rates for all people, no more special treatment to manufacturers. -
Muckrakers
Progressivism: Muckrakers were journalists who exposed the "evils" of the Gilded Age. Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida B. Wells were all muckrakers. These people wrote about the poor living conditions, big businesses engage in unfair practices, disgusting meat packing industry,abuse of political machines and also crimes against black citizans living in the south. Muckrakers are important because they showed how horrible some of the things that were happening. -
Pullman Strike
Gilded Age: The American Railroad union called for a strike because workers wages were cut 25 to 40%, which angered workers. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was used against the union. Troops were called to enforce injunctions that killed 12 people. Eugene Debs was thrown in jail and the strike was collapsed. The Pullman strike of 1894, was especially important in American perceptions of "the labor problem" of the time. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Progressivism: This Supreme Court case legitimized the entire idea of separation of races.This case allowed for the" separate, but equal" doctrine. The "separate, but equal" doctrine in the United States law until its repudiation in the Supreme Court case decision Brown V. Board of Education. This was important because it said that racial segregation was constitutional. -
Spanish-American War
Age of Imperialism: Cuba was a small island near Florida that belonged to Spain. Spanish rulers treated Cuban's harshly and they wanted independence. Americans understood and was on there side. A few American journalists exaggerated the stories to gain sympathy and to provoke war against Span. This led to a severe deterioration in Spanish-American relations. -
Treaty of Paris
Age of Imperialism: In France, the Treaty of Paris was signed and ended the Spanish-American war and also granting the United States its first overseas empire.The treaty was an agreement that resulted in Spain surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The treaty signaled the end of the war and marked the beginning of an age United States colonial power. -
The Panama Canal
Age of Imperialism: This was a canal connecting the Pacific and Atlantic was started by the French. The project was costly and the jungle diseases killed so many people. The French couldnt continue their project. A treaty was signed to finish the project and because of all that, the French rejected the treaty. It was suggested to him that if Panama was an independent nation, then the Americans could directly deal with them. The U.S immediately recognized Panama as a sovereign nation. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
Progressivism: There was a fire hat broke out on the top floor of a ten story building that killed 146 out of 500 emplyees. These factory workers worked long hours for low wage, died because of inadequate safety precautions like blocked doors and no water hoses. This horrible disater led to increase safety codes for workplaces conditions. -
Wilson's 14 points
The Great War: President Wilson wanted to mkae plans to ensure a world war would never happen again. The most notable of Wilson's 14 points was his idea for a League of Nations.Wilson believed that peace imposed by a victor upon a loser would only lead to resentment and conflict. He believed in peace without victory. The main goal of this was to prevent another war. -
The Big Four
The Great War: Leaders from Britain, France, Italy and the United States negotiated the peace terms. French and the British leaders were angery about the war and wanted Germany to pay. The big four were important to World War One because they were the delegates who were establishing peace talks. They helped to establish peace. They also set the ground rules for several treaties completed at the end of the war. -
The Great Migration
The Great War: This involved thousands of African-American families moving north in search of a better life.Families moved north to make money, but also to escape the segregated south. But when white soldiers returned from war, their jobs were taken by black workers. Violence erupted which cause alot of change during the war. -
The "New Woman"
Great Depression: Flappers are what the women were called in this era. Many women challenged political, economic, social, and educational boundaries to prove their role was as vital outside the home as inside it. These women changed the way they did everything dressed, wore makeup, danced to the lastest crazes generally they thought they had the same political and social rights as any man. The new woman are important because it pushed equal rights for woman. -
Henry Ford
Great Depression: Henry Ford introduced a new series of method and ideas revolutionizing production, wages,working conditions, and daily life. He put his cars on assembly lines where each worker added something to construct the automobile. He brought his Model-T to the American people at the price between $350 to $290, allowing more then just the rich to buy cars. The automobile prompted a new sense of freedom and prosperity. -
First Hundred Days
Great Depression: When Franklin D. Roosevelt was in office he pushed for the 100-days concept. He was faced with alot of depression and he wanted to address all the problems. This began an unprecedented period of experimentation during which Roosevelt tried different methods to ease the Depression; if they failed, he tried something else. FDR expanded the reach and power of the federal government especially in times of crisis. And that marked a monumental change in American life. -
Appeasement
WW11 and Cold War: A policy that France pursued against Germany,Italy, and Japan. This policy believed that by giving in to an aggresors demands, the aggressor will be satisfed and future conflicts avoided. Great Britain and France agreed to let Hitler take their land but he promised to claim no futher land anywhere else. Many were relived but it didint last long. -
Pearl Harbor
WW11 and Cold War:Japan was at war with China. Despite being a military superpower, their war with China was using up their resources. During that time, most of their resources especially oil were coming from the US. Japen attacked the United States Navy at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. More than 2,000 people ere killed and the Pacific fleet was nearly destoryed. This is the reason why the United States declared war on Japan for World War 11. -
Red Scare
Recovery,Prosperity,Turmoil: The US were worried and started perparing themselfs for the possiblity of the Soviet Union launching nuclear weapons against Americans. Families built shelter,practiced duck and cover, and stocked survival kits. This was all part of the civil defense system of the Cold war. This all made Americans fear nuclear war and the Soviets only increased their fear of communism. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Recovery,Prosperity, Turmoil: Rosa Parks an African-American women boarded a bus and sat in an empty seat. The bus driver told the women to give up her seat for the white passenger and Rosa refused. The bus driver called the police and she was arrested. As soon as this happened 50,000 African-Americans walked rather than ride the bus. The Boycott led to the ruling that declared segregation on the buses unconstitutional. -
Berlin Wall
WW11 and Cold War: Berlin left a steady flow of East German workers fleeing communist control and moving into West Berlin. Khrushchev wanted West Berlin to fall under the control of East Berlin, but Kennedy refused to end the US military presence in West Berlin. The two met to discuss Berlin, the discussion quickly turned sour and Kennedy returned the the US and increased military forces. This became a symbol of the Cold war and the division of democratic west and communist east. -
March on Washington
Recovery,Prosperity,Turmoil: More than 200,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C to watch Martin Luther King makes his famous speech "I have a dream". This was one of the largest political demonstrations in history and increased national momentum for the passage of civil ights legislation. -
The OPEC Oil Embargo
US since the Vietnam war: Egypt and Syria, with the support of other Arab nations, launched a suprise attack Israel. As Israel was outnumbered it went into full nuclear alert. Because of this the United States decided to resupply Isreal with arms and in response OPEC punished the United States. This was a problem for the United States because this is where they got there oil. This caused huge problems, namely inflation and a world-wde economic dowturn. -
Iranian Hostage Crisis
US since the Vietnam war: The militant Islamic leader Khomeini seized power from the SHah of Iran who was in the US seeking medical treatment. "Revolutionaries" were insulted that US allowed the Shah into the US, and before you know it, the US embassy in the capital of Iran was captured.52 Americans were captured for 444 days, hostages were released on Reagan's inauguration days. This is considered the greatest failure of Carter's presidency. -
Strategic Defense Initiative
US since the Vietnam war: Ronald Reagan lied to the Soviet commies into believing the United States had " secret weapon". They had a nickname for this which thy called Star Wars. This would blow anything out of the sky eofre it was in the United States airspace. The Soviet leader says he couldnt keep peace with United States military spending. He established policies of glasnost which are plans to restructure Soviet society. Its the beginning of the end for the old U.S.S.R.
