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Washington elected President
George Washington did not intend on being the first President of the U.S. However, the people of America wanted a strong leader and voted for him because he was the hero of the American Revolution. Washington's first task as the first President was to create a new government for America. He created the Presidential Caninet. The Cabinet was Washington's group of chief advisers and secretaries such as Secretary of State. -
Creation of the Presidential Cabinet
Washington created a group of leaders who were his chief advisers, also known as the Cabinet when he was President. Examples of these advisers are the Vice President, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of State. -
Whiskey Rebellion
It was when Washington levied on the tax for whiskey. This angered many farmers because it was easier to trade with whiskey than corn because if they grew corn they would have to travel around the Appalachian Mountains to sell it. At one point farmers refused to pay the tax and attacked federal marshals and even threatened to secede from the Union. -
Neutrality proclamation (with France)
It was a time when France became a republic, created the French Revolution, and declared war on Britain. The French wanted America to help them figh against the British because they had an alliance during the American Revolution. However, many Americans thought they did not need to help them because it was years ago, also thousands of people had lost their land and died during the war. America had chosen to be neutral in the war. -
Creation of Cotton Gin
A man named Eli Whitney created a machine called Cotton Gin. This invention would make cotton easier to grow, but would be harder to pick. This would make the process go faster and farmers in the south would make more money. -
Jay Treaty
During the French and British war the British have attacked 250 American ships, stole their cargo, kidnapped U.S. sailors, and have not left American land because there are forts in America that were owned by the British during the American Revolution. Washington sent John Jay to England to create a treaty with the British and it is called the Jay Treaty and with it they would negotiate to give back the sailors they kidnapped and return any stolen cargo. However, it would not end all conflicts. -
End of Washington's Presidency
There peaceful transition of power. It was when Washington stepped down as President after serving two terms. The people of the U.S. even wanted Washington to serve a third term which is not allowed today. After Washinton refused to serve a third term the Vice President John Adams became the second President. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Federlaists increased the number of years an immigrant would have to live in America to become a citizen from five to 14 years. The President would be allowed to deport any dangerous immigrants in the country. People would be put in jail for saying any false statements against the government. -
XYZ Affair
France wanted a $250,000 bribe before they would speak to any American politicians. The Americans were outraged because of this and wanted to go to war with France. American ships began to attack French ships. England and France were at war and America would have to decide what they would do. -
Jefferson elected President
When Jefferson became President he believed in having a weak government. He replaced the Federalists with democratic republicans anddecreased the army and navy. In addition, he reduced the national bank and believed in having a strict interpretation of the Constitution and created a society of yeoman farmers. Also he created an embargo on trade with other countries. -
Marbury v. Madison
A man named William Marbury a writ of mandamus to become a Supreme Court justice. The Supreme Court denied his request because the Court did not have original jurisdiction and his writ of mandamus would be unconstitutional. Short term impact, Marbury did not receive his job, long term impact, this established judicial review. Order, hierarchy, and democracy. -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson wanted to expand America to other territories by creating the Louisiana Purchase. However, it said no where in the Constitution that the President could buy more land, but Jefferson knew he could make treaties with other territories. He did this even though it went against his principles because he would need a loose interpretation in order to buy more land. -
Embargo of 1807
France blockades America from trading with England. They would trade raw goods to England and receives finished products. Jefferson creates an embargo which means stopping trade with a country to make them change their policies. Although, at one point the embargo caused the U.S. Economy to go down. -
End of Jefferson's Presidnecy
After Jefferson created the Lousiana purchase to buy more land he realized he would need a loose interpretation of the Constitution. There were many impacts to his decisions that he did not intend. America loses trade because of the embargo that he created which results in the economy going down. His loose interpretation increases the power of the federal government and the Industrial Revolution begins. -
Missouri Compromise
America had 11 free states and 11 slave states and after making Illinois a free state the south wanted Missouri to be a slave state to make it equal. However the north wanted Missouri to free it's slaves. At one point the south accused the north of wanting to completely end slavery and it could lead to civil war if the conflict was not resolved. Congress resolved the conflict by creating the Missouri Compromise which would make Maine a free state and Missouri a slave state. -
Jackson elected President
Jackson was the first modern President because he believed that the citizens of the U.S. should be involved in the government and elect the President. He fired hundreds of Federalists and replaced them with his own political party, the democrats. The Federalists thought that Jackson's political methods were corrupt and this event became known as the Spoils System. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The state of Georgia wanted to expand America to other territory, but Indian tribes lived in other territories. Congress decided to create the Indian Removal Act to make them move out of their homeland to other territory. Some Indains refused to leave, so Jackson ended the Federal protection of Native Americans and sent in troops to force them to leave. -
Cherokee Nation's Appeal
When the Cherokee discovered about the removal act they created an appeal and showed to Congress so that they could stay on their land. They stated that they were born on their land and would be willing to die on their land. In addition, they said that they had not invaded anyone's home, robbed someone of their territory, or broken any laws. Congress chose to let them stay, but Jackson forced them to leave their land. -
Worcester v. Georgia
A white missionary named Samuel Worcester lived on Cherokee land in Georgia. Before living in Cherokee land a personmust first obtain license first. Worcester was arrested for not having a license and argued that the states laws in Georgia were illegal since it is Cherokee land. The Supreme Court ruled that the state laws in Georgia were a violation of the Constitution. Short term effect, Worcester could live in Gerogia, long term, people could live there without a license. Equality and freedom. -
Worcester v Georgia
A white missionary named Samuel Worcester was arrested for living on Cherokee land without a license and taking an oath of allegiance to America. Worcester stated that the laws of Georgia were illegal and a violation of the Constitution. The Cherokee and America made a treaty that would let them own land and the Cherokee became an independent nation, which may mean that Worcester might not have broken a law. -
Nullification Crisis
Jackson created a tariff where the price British trade and which caused many people in South Carolina to be angry. The new price was expensive and they refused to pay the tax and wanted Jackson to nullify the tariff, they even threatened to secede from the Union. Jackson threatened to send in troops to force them to pay, but Congress created a new tariff to make the price go down. -
Second Annual Message
In this message Jackson discusses about how he will make the Indians move to other territory so that America could have more land. He described the Native Americans as a group of uncivilized savages and thought they could become a threat. The way Jackson described the Indians was bias because he only said one point of view in this message. -
People's Republic of Texas
America wanted to expand to the area where Texas was. However the land belonged to Mexico and the north feared the south would make Texas a slave state making the balance unequal. The U.S. Decided to let Texas stay in Texas. Texas had then become a republic and its own independent country. -
End of Jackson's Presidency
Jackson had changed America forever after all of the major events that took place when he was President. The Indian Removal Act has made America three times bigger than the way it was over a century ago. However, he also showed examples of how he was a bad leader. For example, when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union he did not think of a peaceful way to resolve it. Another example is that the removal act caused the deaths of thousands of Indians. -
Trail of tears
It was when many Indians were forced to leave their land and had to move to other territory in the U.S. Region. There were many conflicts such as the land being unknown to them because they did not know if there would be enough resources for them in their new homes. Also as they traveled to other territory thousands of Native Americans died over time as more were forced to leave their homeland. -
Annexation of Texas
James K. Polk added Texas to the U.S. when he became President. He was a slaveholder and wanted to expand slavery to Texas. However, this caused a war with Mexico. -
Mexican-American War
Mexicans and Americans fought in a war for Texas that lasted for two years. After the war ended the two countries made a treaty that stated that the Rio Grande River would be the border between both countries. America would have to pay Mexico $15 million. In return they would get Calofornia, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, and Wyoming. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso would make California, Utah, and New Mexico be free states. The north feared that if we added any more slave states there would be more members in Congress who were with slavery. The south rejected the Wilmot Proviso because they stated that slaves were property and they would be taking their property from them. The south claimed that property was protected under the Constitution. -
California Gold Rush
Over 40,000 people traveled to California in 1849 to look for gold, which gave them the nickname 49ers. It became one of the biggest migrations to ever happen in America. At one point over 100,000 people lived in California. -
Compromise of 1850
The north wanted to make California be a free state and the south stated that the north was not following the Fugitive Law where they would have to help capture any runaway slaves. The north demanded the abolishment of slavery in D.C. Southerners threatened to secede from the union if this conflict was not resolved. Henry Clay resolved the conflict by making California a free state and creating a new and more effective fugitive law. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act allowed people to travel to Nebraska or Kansas to decide if they wanted to have slaves or not. This was also called Popular Sovereignty. There were problems with this act, for example the Missouri Compromise would be illegal in the two territories. People would think that they could obey only the laws they want to obey. -
Bleeding Kansas
Anti-Slavery men and Pro-Slavery men would use violence against each other. For example, Pro-slavery men blew up a hotel in Lawrence, and abolitionist town. An anti-slavery man named John Brown and his sons killed pro-slavery settlers. -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
A slave named Dred Scott traveled with his owner to Illinois, which was a free state. After they returned to Missouri The owner died and Scott protested that since he was a resident in a free state he should be a free man. The Supreme Court ruled that he was not free because he was property and cannot become a free man just because he was in a free state. Short term impact, Scott was still a slave, long term, this would be harder for other slaves who wanted to be set free. Freedom and hierarchy. -
Lincoln elected President
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpuse, which is the privilege that allows a prisoner to be realeased from prison after arrest. Also he was the President during the Civil War,which was when the north did not want slaves and the south did. -
Civil War
The north and south went to Civil War because of the conflict with slaves in the U.S. As Commander in Chief of the army and navy Lincoln sent in troops to fight against the south and make them rejoin the U.S. This war caused many deaths as it went on for the last four years. Many had also thought it would be a very dangerous as if they were dealing with the devil. -
Secession
After Lincoln was elected President seven states seceded from the Union because Lincoln wanted to create a law where all slaves would be set free and the south wanted slaves. One year later four more states seceded from the Union for the same reason. Unlike Jackson, Lincoln tried to find a peacefu way to settle the conflict, but unfortunately it led to going to war with the south. -
Battle of Antietam
This was the beginning of the civil war. Both sides had strong militaries and the north would always have their soldiers be in tight formations because the soldiers did not want to abandon their brothers or fathers. England and France had to decide who they would help and were thinking of supporting the Confedracy because they were winning at first. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamtion was when Lincoln would free all slavesin the U.S. who are in confederate states and would be allowed to own their own land. This proclamation is what started the Civil War and the rebellion from the south who was against the government for this act. Citizens of America might have even thought that this act was out of Lincon's power as President. -
Battle of Gettysburg
This battle took place for 3 days straight and it was the Confederacie's last attempt to invade the north. The battle happened by accident because southern soldiers went to look for shoes and accidentally ran into Union soldiers. The southern soldiers wanted to be in control of the Little Round Top, which was a hill because if they had the high ground they would be in control of the area. -
Gettysburg Adress
Lincoln discussed how the nation was created many years ago. He believes that they cannot succeed as long as the country is split in two. Lincoln also stated that if they win the war they would create a new and better country. -
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Habeas Corpus is when the privilege when a prisoner is released from prison after they are arrested. They also have the right to ask the court to look over the case if they think that they were wrongfully arrested. Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus in case there was any type of rebellion or if there was a danger that affected the public's safety. -
13th Amendment
This Amendment prohibited slaves to continue working for their masters in the South and ended slavery completely, except as a punishment. -
Sherman's March to sea
Sherman was a military officer who would destroy everything in his path and when people thought about him they would think fire and destruction. He would destroy buildings that contained supplies for confederate soldiers and cotton fields. He had plans to win the war and preserve the Union, but he also did not want to kill his former friends who were with the Confederacy. -
Surrender at Appomattox Court House
This was one of the last battles in the Civil War when Robert Lee had been defeated and surrendered to Ulysses Grant after being surrounded by Union troops and having supplies be cut off. -
Lincoln's assassination
On April 14, 1865 Lincoln and his wife went to the Ford theatre to see a play and during the play John Wilkes Booth, a southern sympathizer went into the presidential box and shot Lincoln. -
Miranda v. Arizona
In 1963 Ernesto Miranda was arrested for raping an 18 year old girl. He confessed after being interrogated. He took his case to the Supreme Court and stated that the police did not tell him he had the right to remain silent, which is protected under the 5th Amendment. The Court ruled that the police should have informed him about his rights. Short term affect: Miranda's confession is illegal, long term affect: police must inform criminals about their rights. Individualism, equality, and freedom. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
In 1965 a group of students wore black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War. The school prohibited them from wearing them in school because others thought it was a communist act. The Supreme Court questioned if this action was a violation of Freedom of Speech. The Court ruled that students who wear the armbands are protected under the 1st Amendment. Short term: students can wear the arm bands, long term: people may continue to protest against it. Individualism, freedom, and equality. -
Bethel High School v. Fraiser
A student gave a speech during an assembly and said sexually explicit language and was suspended. The student argued that this was violating the right to freedom of speech. The Supreme Court ruled that it was not a violation because the student had no right to say inappropriate comments during the speech. Short term impact, the student would be suspended, long term, other students could say similar comments in school. Authority and hierarchy. -
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
The principal deleted articles from the school newspaper and students stated that what they write is protected under the 1st Amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that the school was allowed to edit the newspaper because freedom of speech and press does not include sponsored newspapers. Short term, students would have to accept this, long term, teachers can change anything they want in the papers. Hierarchy and order. -
Morse v. Frederick
During a school event a student named Joseph Frederick held up a sign that said "Bong hits 4 Jesus", which can be viewed as promoting illegal drug use. Frederick was suspended for 10 days and the banner was taken away. She argued that this violates student's right to freedom of speech. The Supreme Court ruled that this was not a violation of freedom of speech. Short term impact, Frederick would be suspended, long term, people could do the same thing she did. Equality and authority. -
Riley v. California
David Riley was pulled over by the police in 2009. They searched his phone and linked him to a crime. He took his case to the Supreme Court. They concluded that the police should not have searched his phone because his privacy was protected under the 4th Amendment.A short term is that the police cannot use the phone as evidence. A long term affect is police will need a warrant next time. Individualism/collectivism.
