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The Grammar-Translation Method was created by B. Sears. Used in teaching Latin and Greek to ease learning in ESL classes. -
John B. Watson founded Behaviorism. It develops as a theory of learning centered on conditioning and response to stimuli. -
Edward Thorndike found Mentalism. Emphasizes the importance of mental processes and cognition in learning. -
Charles Fries and Robert Lado created the Audiolingual Method. This method emphasizes the teaching of listening comprehension and speaking rather than reading and writing. -
The first mainframe was introduced, the IBM 701. These systems were huge, expensive, and used primarily in business and scientific applications. -
Behavioristic CALL is implemented. A subcomponent of the broader field of computer-assisted instruction.
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Jean Piaget founded Constructivism. It argues that learning is an active process of knowledge construction by the learner. -
Lev Vygotsky founds Sociocultural learning. Emphasizes the influence of social and cultural interaction on learning. -
Ulric Neisser and Jerome Bruner found Cognitivism. Focuses on how people process, store, and retrieve information. -
Michael Halliday developed communicative language teaching. It is an approach to language teaching based on the linguistic theory of communicative competence. -
The Communicative CALL appears. Stressing that computer-based activities should focus more on using forms than on the forms themselves.
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The first personal computer, the IBM PC, was introduced. Its arrival marks the beginning of the development of personal computing in homes and businesses. -
The United States Department of Defense decided to use the TCP/IP protocol on its Arpanet network, creating the Arpa Internet network. -
Brinton, Snow, and Wesche created The Content-Based Learning. It is organized around the content or information that learners will get, rather than around the linguistic or other Syllabus. -
Integrative CALL appears embracing multimedia and the Internet. -
Apple introduced the first Laptop, the Mac PowerBook. -
TELL is born. It refers to the use of the computer as a technological innovation to display multimedia as a means of complementing a language teaching method. -
George Siemens and Stephen Downes found connectivism. Considers that learning occurs through networks and online connections. -
Apple launched the first ever smartphone, the iPhone, changing the standards of mobile phone use forever. -
Apple launched the first tablet, the iPad. It marked a milestone in the technology industry and changed the way people interact with mobile technology and digital content.