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"Malleus Maleficarum," a famous book about witches, claimed that midwives were the most dangerous kind of witch for all the damage they could do to a new family.
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First licensure law calling for prospective examination of doctors was passed in New York City
https://midwiferytoday.com/web-article/history-midwifery-childbirth-america-time-line/ -
often attend births with the tool hidden under their cloaks, blindfolding the mother so that she wouldn’t see it, and bang pots and pans to disguise the sound of the tool which they feared, if heard, could give away the key to its design
https://allthatsinteresting.com/midwife-history -
René T. H. Laënnec introduced the first crude stethoscope; auscultation allowed the physician to penetrate behind the externally visible to “see” into the living. Doctors had previously observed patients; now they examined them.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwifery -
Queen Victoria thought that was hogwash, and many women followed suit. They began to regularly request not just the use of ether, but cocaine, marijuana and opium.
wholisticmaternalnewbornhealth.org/professional-education/history-of-midwifery -
Childbirth in the United States was controlled by women until the early 1900s
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0091-2182%2882%2990164- -
The very word 'midwife', can be traced back to Anglo- Saxon times. Yet the legal recognition and regulation of midwifery is as recent as 1902. Indeed, parts of the Midwives Act 1902, which Parliament passed on 31 July 1902, did not become fully effective until 1 April 1905
https://www.rcm.org.uk/news-views.../the-midwives-act-1902-an-historical-landmark -
By 1925, however, childbirth was in the hands of physicians, the midwife was all but eliminated, and federal and state governments had begun establishing programs to improve maternal and infant health care.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0091-2182%2882%299016 -
Midwives attended approximately half of all births in 1900, but less than 15 percent by 1935. By the early 1930s most practicing midwives were black or poor-white granny midwives working in the south.
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The word derives from Old English mid, "with" and wife, "woman", and thus originally meant "with-woman", that is, the person who is with the mother (woman) at childbirth. The word is used to refer to both male and female midwives.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwife -
“I saw this thing about midwives, and I heard people . . . at The
Farm, and so I just decided, yeah. It was related to the period of
time where feminism was really kicking in.
http://georgiamidwife.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/A-Timeline-of-Midwifery-in-Georgia.pptx.pdf -
That is what we do. Outside of this…I am most proud of the midwifery service that was built at Madigan Army Medical Center.The team of midwives there is amazing and continue to make military midwifery an example for all practices to emulate.” Col. Michelle Munroe, CNM.
http://www.midwife.org/ACNM60-historical-timeline -
Passage of the Affordable Care Act. payment for midwifery services.The Affordable Care Act has brought APRNs as a whole a long way in recognizing independent practice and payment.
www.google.com/search?q=newborn+baby&safe=strict& -
Like doctors, midwives can be partners in evidence-based care across a woman’s entire lifespan whether or not she is planning to have children. They work collaboratively, across disciplines, and are recognized advocates who champion for the good of their patients.
https://www.caremountmedical.com/news/do-midwives-do-more-than-just-deliver-babies/ -
The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE, analyzes hundreds of laws and regulations in 50 states
https://www.propublica.org/article/midwives-study-maternal-neonatal-care
