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Alexander Kapp - Andragogy Alexander Kapp, a German high school teacher, coined the term 'andragogy' in his book entitled 'Platon's Erziehungslehre'. In this book, Kapp argued for the education of inner, subjective personality, as well as outer, objective competencies. Kapp also believed that self-reflection and life experience are important parts of the learning process.
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John Dewey
John Dewey is considered one of the most significant educational thinkers of the 20th century. Dewey's approach to education went against the earlier authoritarian model by advocating for classroom democracy. -
Robert Woodworth Robert Woodworth is known for his theory of "Dynamic Psychology" which attempted to join the various schools of psychology. Woodworth's work had a major influence on the understanding of human behavior. He also wrote two textbooks 'Psychology: A Study of Mental Life' (1921) and 'Experimental Psychology' (1938) that were used for generations of students.
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Benjamin Bloom and a few of his colleagues published the 'Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.' This was very helpful when specifing and analyzing instructional outcomes and designing instruction to receivce those outcomes.
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Beginnings of Andragogy
Malcolm Knowles believed that adults learn differently from children. Shortly after his article was published, Knowles implemented andragogy in the form of self-directed learning with his adult learners at Boston University, and in leadership training with the Girl Scouts. -
Carl Rogers Watch our avatar of Carl Rogers here:
https://goanimate.com/videos/0aK1gswUc5lM?utm_source=linkshare&utm_medium=linkshare&utm_campaign=usercontent -
in 1980 Knowles claimed that andragogy is the undertaking of 4 assumptions:
1. Self-concept
2. Experience
3. Readiness to Learn
4. Orientation to Learning These are the characteristics of adult learners which differ from the tradional pedagogy assumptions of child learners. Later a fifth assumption was added: Motiviation to Learning. -
David Kolb wrote "Experiential Learning: Experience As the Source Of Learning and Development" which included four learning styles that made up a learning cycle:
1. Diverging
2. Assimilating
3. Converging
4. Accomodating -
The ADDIE Model is an Instructional Systems Desgin (ISD) model that includes 5 phases. ADDIE is the generic process used by instructional designers and traditional developers. The 5 phases represent a powerful, yet flexibale guideline for creating performance and training support tools.
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Blended Learning is a type of learning method that involves the combination of face-to-face classroom setting learning, and online e-learning.
