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Creation of Canadian military, a sign of growing autonomy, even though it is small
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led by Carranza and other leaders, began to overthew opressive reign of Porfirio Diaz.
- Physical damage on Mexico
Railroads were bankrupt
1,000/20,000 mi of telegraph wire destroyed
50% of estate were wasted
$1 billion of foreign debt
- People
Lost of 900,000 inhabitants in Mexico (plague, famine, emigrate)
100,000 people in army, consume 60% of budget -
Borden and the Conservatives win, beating Laurier and his failed attempts of reciprocity with US + fear of bieng overtaken by US. This is a step closer to Brtiain from the previous liberal gov.
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Brtain declared war on Germany, so as a dominion, Canada automatically entered the war agaisnt Britain.
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US Declares Neutrality, taking a stance on the conflict, Wilson hoping this will allow him to influence peacemaking decisions + continue trade with all countries.
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allowed government to suspend civil liberties in the interests of the war effort, used against enemy aliens aka. Canadians of German Descent.
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(not specific day)
set up to preserve economic status of families of those who had volunteered to fight. Moderate success sometimes seen as meddling. -
Conference with the purpose of uniting South American countries to unite to respond to Central and Southern American Issues --> countries uniting. discuss of continent-wide neutrality. He believed the war was an opportunity to extend its power in Latin America. This was a deliberate snub towards the US.
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Germany declares unrestricted submarine warfare and that all ships even from neutral nations, around British waters will be sunk.
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Significant because US civilians killed by submarine warfare of Germany.
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After issues with the Shell Committe (accused of corruption and defectuous products), Imperial Munitions Board set up to be responsible for war production.
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US trade with Allies estimates at 3.2 billion, this is tem times the trade of US with Germany --> stronger ties
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Munitions plant outside of New York Explodes, Germans are suspected though no one ever brought to trial or convincted. --> Growing ani-German sentiment.
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Brazil had sizeable merchant fleet that suffered due to damages of unrestricted submarine warfare.
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(No specific date)-
- set wheat prices
- establish gov to buy US and Cuban sugar to maintain supplies
- organise campaigns to eat sensibly in order to avoid rations -
Article 27: Foreigners could not buy Mexican land unless they were prepared to accept Mexican law, subsoil deposits belonged to Mexican government (taxed)
Response to foreign interest in mining and oil interest
Consequence: US restrict its imports to Mexico -
Tell-tale sign of underlying disparity in positions.
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failure of the Sussex Pledge, growing tension between Germany and US.
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The US finds out that Germany proposed to Mexio to go to war with US in exchange for the promise of Texas and New Mexico --> inneffective but symbolic.
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German U-Boat sinks 1 million Allied supplies , putting the Allies in a vulnerable position.
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Imperial War Cabinet created, giving more say to the dominions in the war making decisions. Set a precedent for Canadian Independence.
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Prohibtion implemented to save ressources as well as moral argument to protect young troops
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Brazil had sizeable merchant fleet that suffered due to damages of unrestricted submarine warfare.
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After resumption of submarine warfare + Zimmerman Telegram + Anti-German growing sentiment
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This was an example of the serious losses Canada suffered, cost over 10 600 losses.
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a letter from the German Minister in Buenos Aires was intercepted and published in US newspapers. This insulted many Argentine leaders calling them “pompous ass”, and insinuating that Argentine ships should either be completely left alone or “sunk without a trace” → this meant all survivors could be machine gunned to death so there would be no witness of the sinking and no blame towards Germany.
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Act which could impose fines and up to twenty years of imprisonment to those who were suspected of supporting the enemy. Caused the closing of many newspapers and limited civil rights.
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Civil unrest + strikes cause by the crippling pains of inflation due to issues with trade. In Sao Paulo it succeeded in gaining higher wages, but in general the effort in brazil for better working conditions was innfecient.
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set uo to co-ordinate the tasks and finances of supplies
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Conscription was implemented in Canada, wildely unpopular led to resentment. It was put in place so Canada could maintain its influence in war making decisions.
- french canadians
- farmers
- others -
Further assured the success of Borden's Unionist party by extending vote to all military personnel including women.
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Opening of the Panama Csnal facilitated trade with US and Latin American Countries.
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Ensured support for Borden's Unionist Party by:
- allowing vote to female relatives of those in service
- taking the vote away from immigrants having entered Canada later than 1902. -
Brazil declares war on Germany because another ship the Macau being sunk. Was fed up with submarine Warfare.
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No specific date, but this weakened the Allies, pressuring the US to enter into the War.
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Controversial election, showd Borden's party as winner. Laurier refused to be part of Unionist party.
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(no specific date). This is what Wilson had been most concerned with during the entire duration of the War.
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set up to was set up to facilitiate industrial relations and effective working arrangements. (settle industrial disputes + set wages and employment standards)
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Extension of Espionage act but listed eight precise criminal offences.
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This signified the beginning of the Peace Making effortd Wilson had so been looking forward to.
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Canada signed the Armistice, hoping to define new, more independent relation with Britain in Paris Peace Conference, (unsucessful).
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Wilson begins to actively try and implement League of Nations and have it be part of treaties passed.
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lowest point on the post-war industrial unrest
Jan 3rd- British owned Vasena strikers became violent when they fired on police. Jan 7th- battled with the police again and lost 5 of their members. Jan 9th- at the funerals there were riots and attacks on property throughout the city -
Wilson very ill, and unwilling to compromise, toured country trying to rally support. Bad health + inability to discuss compromise causes the US to not join league of nations.
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Wilson resigned, failure or League of Nations to truly gain traction.
