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Japan lost WW2 and therefore decided to boost up their economy and becoming one of our leading powers of the world. Chisso company opened: Chemical company for nitrogenous fertilizers
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- Chisso factory makes petrochemical-based subtances from fertilizer to plastics
- the waste water containing chemicals was released into the Bay
- 24 tonnes(mercury) = released in the Bay (1932-1968)
- Death (ppl near the lake) = mercury posoning
- HOW? mercury reacts and becomes methilmercury= absorbed by organisms such as shrimps
- fish eat shrimp = fish poisoned = same thing with humans = MERCURY BIOACCUMULATED
- mercury released stoppe din 1968
- check the food chain on the book
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refrigeration , washing machine, television → = chemical waste
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Cause of Minamata disease: poisoning from methylmercury from food
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Cause of Minamata disease: poisoning from methylmercury from food
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Linked the chemical industry with methylmercury poisoning
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She wanted to make the US population aware of the detrimental effects DDT and other pesticides had on the environment. She wanted the whole nation understand that the chemical industry didn't tell the whole story when introducing DDT.
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Chisso stopped dumping mercury
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An EIA is a report prepared before a development project to change the use of land. EIAs differ from country to country. The EIA's come from the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) set in 1969 in the US. An EIA needs to be able to 1. identify impacts 2. predict scale of potential impacts 3. limit the effect of impacts to acceptable limits. Unfortunately, EIAs have weaknesses such as different countries having different standards which makes it hard to compare and many more... -
-the use of DDT (insecticide) was banned in 1970 by the World Health Org.
-Still used in small quantities in the tropics
-Anopheles=malaria mosquito
-Banning DDT good or bad?
-DDt prevented million of deaths due to malaria
-It is believed that DDT reduces the number of birds of prey's pop. number
-Banned in most MEDC's
-DDT=spraying the walls to repel the malaria mosquito, cheap and persistent BUT TOXIC
-mosquitoes are becoming resistant to it (due to:changes in land use and ppl migration) -
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Organized by the UN over 30 countries signed to cut CFC (Coral floral carbon) emissions by half by 2000 CFC found in spray cans as well as refrigerating technology\ HCFC= solution they found but increases the greenhouse gas effect greenhouse gas= heat
CFC creates holes in the ozone layer which can cause cancer as more short wave radiation are emitted -
Water in minamata bay clean
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- Signed the 11 December 1997 and implemented in 2005
- Aim: set mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emission
- 6 main gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
- 192 countries have signed
- 3 countries didn't --> Afghanistan, Sudan, and the US
- Ciriticism: --> Canada pulled
- the ocuntries that didnt sign increased their emission it took 7 years to get implemented
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1st UNEP report: issues related to mercury
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Legally binding document is needed
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Minamata convention is established
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check image with explanation
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Waste, transport, labour, WHO etc (100 + partners) (COP1, COP2)
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